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Can There be Water Scarcity with Abundance of Water? Analyzing Water Stress during a Severe Drought in Finland

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  • Lauri Ahopelto

    (Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
    Water & Development Research Group, Aalto University, 02015 Espoo, Finland)

  • Noora Veijalainen

    (Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Joseph H. A. Guillaume

    (Water & Development Research Group, Aalto University, 02015 Espoo, Finland)

  • Marko Keskinen

    (Water & Development Research Group, Aalto University, 02015 Espoo, Finland)

  • Mika Marttunen

    (Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Olli Varis

    (Water & Development Research Group, Aalto University, 02015 Espoo, Finland)

Abstract

Severe droughts can affect water security even in countries with ample water resources. In addition, droughts are estimated to become more frequent in several regions due to changing climate. Drought affects many socio-economic sectors (e.g., agriculture, water supply, and industry), as it did in 2018 in Finland. Understanding the basin-wide picture is crucial in drought management planning. To identify vulnerable and water stressed areas in Finland, a water use-to-availability analysis was executed with a reference drought. Water stress was analyzed with the Water Depletion Index WDI. The analysis was executed using national water permits and databases. To represent a severe but realistic drought event, we modelled discharges and runoffs from the worst drought of the last century in Finland (1939–1942). The potential for performing similar analyses in data scarce contexts was also tested using estimates from global models as a screening tool. The results show that the South and Southwest of Finland would have problems with water availability during a severe drought. The most vulnerable areas would benefit from drought mitigation measures and management plans. These measures could be incorporated into the EU River Basin Management Plans.

Suggested Citation

  • Lauri Ahopelto & Noora Veijalainen & Joseph H. A. Guillaume & Marko Keskinen & Mika Marttunen & Olli Varis, 2019. "Can There be Water Scarcity with Abundance of Water? Analyzing Water Stress during a Severe Drought in Finland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:6:p:1548-:d:213797
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    2. AbdAllah, Ahmed M. & Mashaheet, Alsayed M. & Burkey, Kent O., 2021. "Super absorbent polymers mitigate drought stress in corn (Zea mays L.) grown under rainfed conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    3. Hossein Mikhak & Mehdi Rahimian & Saeed Gholamrezai, 2022. "Implications of changing cropping pattern to low water demand plants due to climate change: evidence from Iran," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(8), pages 9833-9850, August.
    4. Marko Keskinen & Suvi Sojamo & Olli Varis, 2019. "Enhancing Security, Sustainability and Resilience in Energy, Food and Water," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-8, December.
    5. Noora Veijalainen & Lauri Ahopelto & Mika Marttunen & Jaakko Jääskeläinen & Ritva Britschgi & Mirjam Orvomaa & Antti Belinskij & Marko Keskinen, 2019. "Severe Drought in Finland: Modeling Effects on Water Resources and Assessing Climate Change Impacts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-26, April.
    6. Andreas Nicolaidis Lindqvist & Rickard Fornell & Thomas Prade & Linda Tufvesson & Sammar Khalil & Birgit Kopainsky, 2021. "Human-Water Dynamics and their Role for Seasonal Water Scarcity – a Case Study," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 35(10), pages 3043-3061, August.
    7. de Castro-Pardo, Mónica & Cabello, José Manuel & Martín, José María & Ruiz, Francisco, 2023. "A multi reference point based index to assess and monitor European water policies from a sustainability approach," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).

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