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Emissions and External Environmental Costs from the Perspective of Differing Travel Purposes

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  • Thomas Hagedorn

    (Institute of Transport Economics, University of Münster, Am Stadtgraben 9, 48143 Münster, Germany)

  • Gernot Sieg

    (Institute of Transport Economics, University of Münster, Am Stadtgraben 9, 48143 Münster, Germany)

Abstract

Comparisons of emissions and external environmental costs between transport modes usually focus on a distance-based approach. Emissions, and consequently the external costs of transport modes, are measured either per kilometer or passenger kilometer. For travel purposes such as holiday or leisure, however, this approach is not appropriate, as destinations are determined endogenously and thus distances vary across transport modes. In this study, we present a novel methodology to correctly and accurately measure leisure emissions and external costs. The new metric is called “full-price emissions”. Full-price emissions calculate the ratio of a transport mode’s emissions or external costs and its full price. The results show that the relative climate damage imposed by aircraft, calculated according to full-price emissions, is approximately four times larger than distance-based approaches reveal. We further observe that, in contrast to distance-based emission comparisons, environmental costs of petrol cars are lower than that of diesel cars. Additionally, full-price emissions display unintended substitution effects of environmental policies that can contribute to climate damage.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Hagedorn & Gernot Sieg, 2019. "Emissions and External Environmental Costs from the Perspective of Differing Travel Purposes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-22, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:24:p:7233-:d:298745
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Thomas Hagedorn & Jan Wessel, 2022. "How Information on Emissions per Euro Spent can Influence Leisure Travel Decisions," Working Papers 35, Institute of Transport Economics, University of Muenster.
    2. Habib Gürbüz & Selim Demirtürk & İsmail Hakkı Akçay & Hüsameddin Akçay, 2021. "Effect of port injection of ethanol on engine performance, exhaust emissions and environmental factors in a dual-fuel diesel engine," Energy & Environment, , vol. 32(5), pages 784-802, August.
    3. Pinto, Helen & Gates, Ian D., 2022. "Why is it so difficult to replace diesel in Nunavut, Canada?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    4. Joanna Kisielińska & Monika Roman & Piotr Pietrzak & Michał Roman & Katarzyna Łukasiewicz & Elżbieta Kacperska, 2021. "Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources in Road Transport in EU Countries—TOPSIS Results," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-18, November.
    5. Degrande, Thibault & Vannieuwenborg, Frederic & Verbrugge, Sofie & Colle, Didier, 2023. "Deployment of Cooperative Intelligent Transport System infrastructure along highways: A bottom-up societal benefit analysis for Flanders," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 94-105.

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