IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i19p5434-d272447.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Age and Educational Diversification of Hotel Employees and Its Impact on Turnover

Author

Listed:
  • Milota Vetráková

    (Faculty of Economics, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 10, 975 90 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia)

  • Ivana Šimočková

    (Faculty of Economics, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 10, 975 90 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia)

  • Kristína Pompurová

    (Faculty of Economics, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 10, 975 90 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia)

Abstract

This paper examines the increasing turnover in the hotel industry, which has a negative influence on the quality of services provided, as well as customer satisfaction. Hotel managers are forced to hire new employees in order to secure smooth hotel operations as well as replace those employees who have left for their competitors. Newly hired employees need to be instructed and trained, which has a negative influence on hotel costs. We assume that both an employee’s age and the level of education determines the quality of their performance at work, as well as their personal stability, thus having an influence on business sustainability. This paper analyzes the age and education diversification of employees in four-star and five-star hotels in Slovakia, and its impact on employee turnover. The research was undertaken in 2019, with a research sample comprising 1085 individuals employed in selected chain and independent hotels. We examined the opinions of employees from different ages and education levels about their retention and changes of employment. Statistical testing confirmed the relation between turnover and the educational level of the employees. However, the correlation between turnover and age was rejected. We analyze the different perceptions of retention and job change of employees from different age groups. The revelation of the causes as to why employees might leave a hotel could help managers change their philosophy and the processes of human resources management in favor of developing a sustainable company.

Suggested Citation

  • Milota Vetráková & Ivana Šimočková & Kristína Pompurová, 2019. "Age and Educational Diversification of Hotel Employees and Its Impact on Turnover," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:19:p:5434-:d:272447
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/19/5434/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/19/5434/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tom Baum & Catherine Cheung & Haiyan Kong & Anna Kralj & Shelagh Mooney & Hải Nguyễn Thị Thanh & Sridar Ramachandran & Marinela Dropulić Ružić & May Ling Siow, 2016. "Sustainability and the Tourism and Hospitality Workforce: A Thematic Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-21, August.
    2. Danping Shao & Erhua Zhou & Peiran Gao & Lirong Long & Jie Xiong, 2019. "Double-Edged Effects of Socially Responsible Human Resource Management on Employee Task Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Mediating by Role Ambiguity and Moderating by Prosocial Mot," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-16, April.
    3. Bettye L. Holston-Okae & Richard J. Mushi, 2018. "Employee Turnover in the Hospitality Industry using Herzberg’s Two-Factor Motivation-Hygiene Theory," International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, vol. 8(1), pages 218-248, January.
    4. Blake, Adam & Arbache, Jorge Saba & Sinclair, Thea & Teles, Vladimir Kuhl, 2010. "Tourism and poverty relief," Textos para discussão 237, FGV EESP - Escola de Economia de São Paulo, Fundação Getulio Vargas (Brazil).
    5. Jihye Park & Dawoon Jung & Pyoungsoo Lee, 2019. "How to Make a Sustainable Manufacturing Process: A High-Commitment HRM System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-20, April.
    6. Misbah Hayat Bhatti & Yanbin Ju & Umair Akram & Muhammad Hasnat Bhatti & Zubair Akram & Muhammad Bilal, 2019. "Impact of Participative Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Mediating Role of Trust and Moderating Role of Continuance Commitment: Evidence from the Pakistan Hotel Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-21, February.
    7. Magdaline Enow Mbi Tarkang Mary & Ali Ozturen, 2019. "Sustainable Ethical Leadership and Employee Outcomes in the Hotel Industry in Cameroon," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, April.
    8. Silvia Lorincová & Miloš Hitka & Ľubica Bajzíková & Dagmar Weberová, 2019. "Are the motivational preferences of employees working in small enterprises in Slovakia changing in time?," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 6(4), pages 1618-1635, June.
    9. Martin Štefko, 2019. "Notice For Redundancy As A Discriminatory Measure On Grounds Of Age," Central European Journal of Labour Law and Personnel Management, Labour Law Association, vol. 2(1).
    10. Zopiatis, Anastasios & Constanti, Panayiotis & Theocharous, Antonis L., 2014. "Job involvement, commitment, satisfaction and turnover: Evidence from hotel employees in Cyprus," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 129-140.
    11. Baum, Tom & Kralj, Anna & Robinson, Richard N.S. & Solnet, David J., 2016. "Tourism workforce research: A review, taxonomy and agenda," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1-22.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Natália Vraňaková & Zdenka Gyurák Babeľová & Andrea Chlpeková, 2021. "Sustainable Human Resource Management and Generational Diversity: The Importance of the Age Management Pillars," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-18, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jennifer Kim Lian Chan & Steward Giman Anak Stephen & Andi Tamsang Andi Kele, 2021. "Exploring Sustainable Human Resource Practices and Framework in Star-Rated Hotels," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-15, August.
    2. Annapia Ferrara & Concetta Ferrara & Sabrina Tomasi & Gigliola Paviotti & Giovanna Bertella & Alessio Cavicchi, 2023. "Exploring the Potential of Social Farmers’ Networking as a Leverage for Inclusive Tourism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-22, March.
    3. Shao-Long Li & Fang Sun & Mingze Li, 2019. "Sustainable Human Resource Management Nurtures Change-Oriented Employees: Relationship between High-Commitment Work Systems and Employees’ Taking Charge Behaviors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-15, June.
    4. Arzu Atan & Hale Ozgit & Fatos Silman, 2021. "Happiness at Work and Motivation for a Sustainable Workforce: Evidence from Female Hotel Employees," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-17, July.
    5. Daniel Dorta-Afonso & Manuel González-de-la-Rosa & Francisco J. García-Rodríguez & Laura Romero-Domínguez, 2021. "Effects of High-Performance Work Systems (HPWS) on Hospitality Employees’ Outcomes through Their Organizational Commitment, Motivation, and Job Satisfaction," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-18, March.
    6. Dimitri Ioannides & Szilvia Gyimóthy & Laura James, 2021. "From Liminal Labor to Decent Work: A Human-Centered Perspective on Sustainable Tourism Employment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-15, January.
    7. Pablo Dorta-González & Sara M. González-Betancor, 2021. "Employment in Tourism Industries: Are There Subsectors with a Potentially Higher Level of Income?," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(22), pages 1-15, November.
    8. Mader, Xana & Santos, Joana & Gonçalves, Gabriela, 2018. "Job Satisfaction In A Tourist Resort In Portugal," Journal of Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, Cinturs - Research Centre for Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, University of Algarve, vol. 6(3), pages 314-325.
    9. repec:arp:sjbmms:2022:p:1-7 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Barbara Pavlakoviè & Eva Jereb, 2020. "Human Resources in Industrial Tourism," Academica Turistica - Tourism and Innovation Journal, University of Primorska Press, vol. 13(1), pages 51-65.
    11. Jinghua Han & Keji Huang & Shiwei Shen, 2022. "Are Tourism Practitioners Happy? The Role of Explanatory Style Played on Tourism Practitioners’ Psychological Well-Being," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, April.
    12. Chang, Chia-Lin & Hsu, Hui-Kuang & McAleer, Michael, 2013. "Is small beautiful? Size effects of volatility spillovers for firm performance and exchange rates in tourism," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 519-534.
    13. Papavasileiou, Emmanouil & Lyons, Sean & Shaw, Gareth & Georgiou, Anthimos, 2017. "Work values in tourism: Past, present and future," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 150-162.
    14. Serah Njoki Njenga & David Gichuhi & Peter Koome, 2021. "Influence of millennials innovativeness on organization change in the hospitality industry in Naivasha sub-county, Kenya," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 10(7), pages 379-388, October.
    15. Robinson, Danielle & MacDonald, Terri, 2019. "Tourism workforce development in the Kootenay-Rockies," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 204-207.
    16. Muhammad Arshad & Ghulam Abid & Francoise Venezia Contreras Torres, 2021. "Impact of prosocial motivation on organizational citizenship behavior: the mediating role of ethical leadership and leader–member exchange," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 133-150, February.
    17. Li, ShiNa & Li, Hengyun & Song, Haiyan & Lundberg, Christine & Shen, Shujie, 2017. "The economic impact of on-screen tourism: The case of The Lord of the Rings and the Hobbit," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 177-187.
    18. Fatoki Olawale, 2023. "Participative Leadership and Employee Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Effects of Psychological Empowerment and Work Engagement," Foundations of Management, Sciendo, vol. 15(1), pages 161-176, January.
    19. Saehya Ann & Zaher A.A. Hallab & Hyunsuk Choi & Umaima Al Majthoub, 2023. "Motivating Housekeeping Staff In The Lodging Industry In Jordan," Tourism and Hospitality Management, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, vol. 29(1), pages 103-118, January.
    20. Peter Heimerl & Marco Haid & Lea Benedikt & Ursula Scholl-Grissemann, 2020. "Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction in Hospitality Industry," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(4), pages 21582440209, December.
    21. Sørensen, Flemming & Jensen, Jens Friis, 2015. "Value creation and knowledge development in tourism experience encounters," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 336-346.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:19:p:5434-:d:272447. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.