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Development of a Standard Brownfield Definition, Guidelines, and Evaluation Index System for Brownfield Redevelopment in Developing Countries: The Case of Pakistan

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  • Naveed Ahmad

    (School of Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Friendship Road, Beilin District, Xi’an 710072, China)

  • Yuming Zhu

    (School of Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Friendship Road, Beilin District, Xi’an 710072, China)

  • Muhammad Ibrahim

    (Department of Engineering Sciences, Institute of Business Management, Korangi Creek, Karachi, Sindh 74900, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Waqas

    (School of Economics and Management, Chang’an University, Second Ring Road, Xi’an 710072, China)

  • Abdul Waheed

    (School of Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Friendship Road, Beilin District, Xi’an 710072, China)

Abstract

Brownfield is post-industrial soil resulting from different anthropogenic activities and located in urban centers of cities. Due to the scarcity of urban land and the complexity of renovating old cities, and considering that brownfield research in Pakistan is still in its infancy, defining and evaluating brownfield is necessary for solving environmental issues and promoting sustainable development. Therefore, this study aims to develop a pioneer consensus-based brownfield definition, guidelines, and an evaluation index system to evaluate brownfield redevelopment in Pakistan. Initially, a comprehensive literature review was performed to gather key elements of brownfield definitions and create an evaluation index system. These indicators were further evaluated by different experts through the Delphi Method to develop a final questionnaire. Then, data were collected from relevant stakeholders. An illustrative example using three ideal schemes (housing society, eco-industrial park, and commercial market) is described to apply the evaluation index system. A new methodology combining Triangular Fuzzy Numbers (TFNs) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was introduced to assess three ideal schemes. Finally, a pioneer brownfield definition, guidelines, and evaluation index system for brownfield redevelopment were developed, and a further index system was verified through an illustrative example. The standard brownfield definition, guidelines, and established index system is based on the Pakistani context. Due to changes in rules and regulation, and different land characteristics, these findings cannot be generalized to all developing countries. Therefore, further studies must validate the results in their own context. This study will foster brownfield redevelopment implementation in Pakistan and promote sustainable development.

Suggested Citation

  • Naveed Ahmad & Yuming Zhu & Muhammad Ibrahim & Muhammad Waqas & Abdul Waheed, 2018. "Development of a Standard Brownfield Definition, Guidelines, and Evaluation Index System for Brownfield Redevelopment in Developing Countries: The Case of Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-22, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:12:p:4347-:d:184745
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Ahmad, Naveed & Zhu, Yuming & Ullah, Zia & Iqbal, Muzaffar & Hussain, Kramat & Ahmed, Rahil Irfan, 2021. "Sustainable solutions to facilitate brownfield redevelopment projects in emerging countries – Pakistani scenario," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    2. Bohuslava Gregorová & Pavel Hronček & Dana Tometzová & Mário Molokáč & Vladimír Čech, 2020. "Transforming Brownfields as Tourism Destinations and Their Sustainability on the Example of Slovakia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-28, December.
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    6. Xiao-Hai Weng & Yu-Ming Zhu & Xiao-Yu Song & Naveed Ahmad, 2019. "Identification of Key Success Factors for Private Science Parks Established from Brownfield Regeneration: A Case Study from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-17, April.
    7. Lea Rebernik & Barbara Vojvodíková & Barbara Lampič, 2023. "Brownfield Data and Database Management—The Key to Address Land Recycling," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-20, January.
    8. Robert Ato Newton & Valentina Pidlisnyuk & Eliška Wildová & Ludmila Nováková & Josef Trögl, 2023. "State of Brownfields in the Northern Bohemia, Saxony and Lower Silesian Regions and Prospects for Regeneration by Utilization of the Phytotechnology with the Second Generation Crops," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-28, January.
    9. Barbara Vojvodíková & Radim Fojtík & Iva Tichá, 2021. "Design and Verification of a Simple Approach to Brownfields Categorization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-15, October.
    10. Jawad Karamat & Tong Shurong & Naveed Ahmad & Sana Afridi & Shahbaz Khan & Kashif Mahmood, 2019. "Promoting Healthcare Sustainability in Developing Countries: Analysis of Knowledge Management Drivers in Public and Private Hospitals of Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-24, February.
    11. Fang He & Wendong Wu & Taozhi Zhuang & Yuan Yi, 2019. "Exploring the Diverse Expectations of Stakeholders in Industrial Land Redevelopment Projects in China: The Case of Shanghai," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-27, August.
    12. Henrieta Pavolová & Tomáš Bakalár & Alexander Tokarčík & Ľubica Kozáková & Tomáš Pastyrčák, 2021. "An Economic Analysis of Brownfield and Greenfield Industrial Parks Investment Projects: A Case Study of Eastern Slovakia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-18, March.
    13. Ahmad, Naveed & Zhu, Yuming & Hongli, Lin & Karamat, Jawad & Waqas, Muhammad & Taskheer Mumtaz, Syed Muhammad, 2020. "Mapping the obstacles to brownfield redevelopment adoption in developing economies: Pakistani Perspective," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).

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