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Fear of COVID-19 and Trust in the Healthcare System Mediates the Association between Individual’s Risk Perception and Preventive COVID-19 Behaviours among Iranians

Author

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  • Mehran Alijanzadeh

    (Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran
    The authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu

    (Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
    The authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Zainab Alimoradi

    (Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran)

  • Narges Mahmoudi

    (Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran)

  • Mark D. Griffiths

    (Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG3 5DS, UK)

  • Chung-Ying Lin

    (Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan)

  • Hsien-Kuan Liu

    (Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
    School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840203, Taiwan)

  • Amir H. Pakpour

    (Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran
    Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, 55111 Jönköping, Sweden)

Abstract

Problems caused by the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and its mutations have brought challenges in pandemic control for all countries worldwide. The present study examines the mediating roles of fear of COVID-19 and trust in the healthcare system in the association between individual’s risk perception and performing preventive COVID-19 behaviours among Iranians. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 3652 residents of Qazvin province in Iran from 3 February to 15 April 2021 using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. Participants responded to an online questionnaire concerning their fear of COVID-19, risk perception, trust in the healthcare system, and preventive COVID-19 behaviours. Small to medium positive interrelationships were observed between the variables of the study. Fear of COVID-19, trust in the healthcare system or both (fear of COVID-19 and trust in the healthcare system) mediated the association between an individual’s risk perception and performing preventive COVID-19 behaviours. The study demonstrated there are at least four ways through which an individual’s risk perception can influence preventive COVID-19 behaviours. Therefore, clinicians, health communicators, and researchers may capitalize on these findings to enhance preventive COVID-19 behaviours to help mitigate the spread of COVID-19 infection.

Suggested Citation

  • Mehran Alijanzadeh & Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu & Zainab Alimoradi & Narges Mahmoudi & Mark D. Griffiths & Chung-Ying Lin & Hsien-Kuan Liu & Amir H. Pakpour, 2021. "Fear of COVID-19 and Trust in the Healthcare System Mediates the Association between Individual’s Risk Perception and Preventive COVID-19 Behaviours among Iranians," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-9, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:22:p:12146-:d:682849
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Alessandro Sapienza & Rino Falcone, 2022. "The Role of Trust in COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: Considerations from a Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Emma Sethina Adjaottor & Frimpong-Manso Addo & Florence Aninniwaa Ahorsu & Hsin-Pao Chen & Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu, 2022. "Predictors of COVID-19 Stress and COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance among Adolescents in Ghana," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-14, June.
    3. Wei Song & Taiyang Zhao & Ershuai Huang, 2022. "How Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect People’s Willingness to Pay for Health in the Short and Long Term? A Longitudinal Study during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-11, January.

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