IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v8y2015i4p2828-2866d48188.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Use of Energy in Malaysia: Tracing Energy Flows from Primary Source to End Use

Author

Listed:
  • Chinhao Chong

    (State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua-BP Clean Energy Centre, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Weidou Ni

    (State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua-BP Clean Energy Centre, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Linwei Ma

    (State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua-BP Clean Energy Centre, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Pei Liu

    (State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua-BP Clean Energy Centre, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Zheng Li

    (State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua-BP Clean Energy Centre, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

Abstract

Malaysia is a rapidly developing country in Southeast Asia that aims to achieve high-income country status by 2020; its economic growth is highly dependent on its abundant energy resources, especially natural gas and crude oil. In this paper, a complete picture of Malaysia’s energy use from primary source to end use is presented by mapping a Sankey diagram of Malaysia’s energy flows, together with ongoing trends analysis of the main factors influencing the energy flows. The results indicate that Malaysia’s energy use depends heavily on fossil fuels, including oil, gas and coal. In the past 30 years, Malaysia has successfully diversified its energy structure by introducing more natural gas and coal into its power generation. To sustainably feed the rapidly growing energy demand in end-use sectors with the challenge of global climate change, Malaysia must pay more attention to the development of renewable energy, green technology and energy conservation in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Chinhao Chong & Weidou Ni & Linwei Ma & Pei Liu & Zheng Li, 2015. "The Use of Energy in Malaysia: Tracing Energy Flows from Primary Source to End Use," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-39, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:4:p:2828-2866:d:48188
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/8/4/2828/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/8/4/2828/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Saidur, R. & Sattar, M.A. & Masjuki, H.H. & Ahmed, S. & Hashim, U., 2007. "An estimation of the energy and exergy efficiencies for the energy resources consumption in the transportation sector in Malaysia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(8), pages 4018-4026, August.
    2. Ma, Linwei & Fu, Feng & Li, Zheng & Liu, Pei, 2012. "Oil development in China: Current status and future trends," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 43-53.
    3. Abdul-Manan, Amir F.N. & Baharuddin, Azizan & Chang, Lee Wei, 2014. "A detailed survey of the palm and biodiesel industry landscape in Malaysia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 931-941.
    4. Ahamed, J.U. & Saidur, R. & Masjuki, H.H. & Mekhilef, S. & Ali, M.B. & Furqon, M.H., 2011. "An application of energy and exergy analysis in agricultural sector of Malaysia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(12), pages 7922-7929.
    5. Chua, Shing Chyi & Oh, Tick Hui, 2010. "Review on Malaysia's national energy developments: Key policies, agencies, programmes and international involvements," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 2916-2925, December.
    6. Ali, Rosnazri & Daut, Ismail & Taib, Soib, 2012. "A review on existing and future energy sources for electrical power generation in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 4047-4055.
    7. Mekhilef, S. & Siga, S. & Saidur, R., 2011. "A review on palm oil biodiesel as a source of renewable fuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(4), pages 1937-1949, May.
    8. Gan, Peck Yean & Komiyama, Ryoichi & Li, ZhiDong, 2013. "A low carbon society outlook for Malaysia to 2035," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 432-443.
    9. Ma, Linwei & Allwood, Julian M. & Cullen, Jonathan M. & Li, Zheng, 2012. "The use of energy in China: Tracing the flow of energy from primary source to demand drivers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 174-188.
    10. Hashim, Haslenda & Ho, Wai Shin, 2011. "Renewable energy policies and initiatives for a sustainable energy future in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 4780-4787.
    11. Ong, H.C. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Masjuki, H.H., 2011. "A review on energy scenario and sustainable energy in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 639-647, January.
    12. Oh, Tick Hui & Pang, Shen Yee & Chua, Shing Chyi, 2010. "Energy policy and alternative energy in Malaysia: Issues and challenges for sustainable growth," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(4), pages 1241-1252, May.
    13. Yusoff, Mohd.Hizami Mohd. & Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi & Sultana, Shazia & Ahmad, Mushtaq, 2013. "Prospects and current status of B5 biodiesel implementation in Malaysia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 456-462.
    14. Saidur, R. & Sattar, M.A. & Masjuki, H.H. & Abdessalam, H. & Shahruan, B.S., 2007. "Energy and exergy analysis at the utility and commercial sectors of Malaysia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 1956-1966, March.
    15. Johari, Anwar & Nyakuma, Bemgba Bevan & Mohd Nor, Shadiah Husna & Mat, Ramli & Hashim, Haslenda & Ahmad, Arshad & Yamani Zakaria, Zaki & Tuan Abdullah, Tuan Amran, 2015. "The challenges and prospects of palm oil based biodiesel in Malaysia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 255-261.
    16. Cullen, Jonathan M. & Allwood, Julian M., 2010. "The efficient use of energy: Tracing the global flow of energy from fuel to service," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 75-81, January.
    17. Shekarchian, M. & Moghavvemi, M. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Mazandarani, A., 2011. "A review on the pattern of electricity generation and emission in Malaysia from 1976 to 2008," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 2629-2642, August.
    18. Rahim, Khalid Abdul & Liwan, Audrey, 2012. "Oil and gas trends and implications in Malaysia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 262-271.
    19. BoroumandJazi, G. & Rismanchi, B. & Saidur, R., 2013. "A review on exergy analysis of industrial sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 198-203.
    20. Mekhilef, Saad & Barimani, Meghdad & Safari, Azadeh & Salam, Zainal, 2014. "Malaysia’s renewable energy policies and programs with green aspects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 497-504.
    21. Saidur, R. & Masjuki, H.H. & Jamaluddin, M.Y., 2007. "An application of energy and exergy analysis in residential sector of Malaysia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 1050-1063, February.
    22. Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Bulan, L.C., 2012. "Energy security and hydropower development in Malaysia: The drivers and challenges facing the Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy (SCORE)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 113-129.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yuancheng Lin & Chinhao Chong & Linwei Ma & Zheng Li & Weidou Ni, 2021. "Analysis of Changes in the Aggregate Exergy Efficiency of China’s Energy System from 2005 to 2015," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-27, April.
    2. Liu, Xuewei & Yuan, Zengwei & Xu, Yuan & Jiang, Songyan, 2017. "Greening cement in China: A cost-effective roadmap," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 233-244.
    3. Xu Li & Chinhao Chong & Linwei Ma & Pei Liu & Xuesi Shen & Zibo Jia & Cheng Wang & Zheng Li & Weidou Ni, 2018. "Coordinating the Dynamic Development of Energy and Industry in Composite Regions: An I-SDOP Analysis of the BTH Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-28, June.
    4. Shaban R. S. Aldhshan & Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud & Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar & Othman A. Karim & Biswajeet Pradhan, 2021. "Energy Consumption and Spatial Assessment of Renewable Energy Penetration and Building Energy Efficiency in Malaysia: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-26, August.
    5. Jason Yi Juang Yeo & Bing Shen How & Sin Yong Teng & Wei Dong Leong & Wendy Pei Qin Ng & Chun Hsion Lim & Sue Lin Ngan & Jaka Sunarso & Hon Loong Lam, 2020. "Synthesis of Sustainable Circular Economy in Palm Oil Industry Using Graph-Theoretic Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-29, September.
    6. Chinhao Chong & Xi Zhang & Geng Kong & Linwei Ma & Zheng Li & Weidou Ni & Eugene-Hao-Chen Yu, 2021. "A Visualization Method of the Economic Input–Output Table: Mapping Monetary Flows in the Form of Sankey Diagrams," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-56, November.
    7. Samuel Nnamdi Marcus & Amachukwu Chibuzo Okezie, 2017. "Testing the Shock Effect of Some Policy Variables on Electricity Generation in Nigeria," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(3), pages 247-255.
    8. Chen, Lei & Xu, Linyu & Velasco-Fernández, Raúl & Giampietro, Mario & Yang, Zhifeng, 2021. "Residential energy metabolic patterns in China: A study of the urbanization process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PA).
    9. Honghua Yang & Linwei Ma & Zheng Li, 2020. "A Method for Analyzing Energy-Related Carbon Emissions and the Structural Changes: A Case Study of China from 2005 to 2015," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-24, April.
    10. Tan, Chin-Seang & Ooi, Hooi-Yin & Goh, Yen-Nee, 2017. "A moral extension of the theory of planned behavior to predict consumers’ purchase intention for energy-efficient household appliances in Malaysia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 459-471.
    11. Muhammad Asyraf Azni & Rasyikah Md Khalid, 2021. "Hydrogen Fuel Cell Legal Framework in the United States, Germany, and South Korea—A Model for a Regulation in Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-14, February.
    12. Min He & Pei Liu & Linwei Ma & Chinhao Chong & Xu Li & Shizhong Song & Zheng Li & Weidou Ni, 2018. "A Systems Analysis of the Development Status and Trends of Rural Household Energy in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-23, July.
    13. Linwei Ma & Chinhao Chong & Xi Zhang & Pei Liu & Weiqi Li & Zheng Li & Weidou Ni, 2018. "LMDI Decomposition of Energy-Related CO 2 Emissions Based on Energy and CO 2 Allocation Sankey Diagrams: The Method and an Application to China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-37, January.
    14. Chong, Chin Hao & Tan, Wei Xin & Ting, Zhao Jia & Liu, Pei & Ma, Linwei & Li, Zheng & Ni, Weidou, 2019. "The driving factors of energy-related CO2 emission growth in Malaysia: The LMDI decomposition method based on energy allocation analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    15. Jiafu Yin & Dongmei Zhao, 2018. "Fuzzy Stochastic Unit Commitment Model with Wind Power and Demand Response under Conditional Value-At-Risk Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-18, February.
    16. Chung-Siong Tang & Mori Kogid & James Alin & Brian Dollery, 2022. "Modelling Sectoral Energy Consumption in Malaysia: Assessing the Asymmetric Effects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-17, February.
    17. Beibei Wang & Xiaocong Liu & Feng Zhu & Xiaoqing Hu & Wenlu Ji & Shengchun Yang & Ke Wang & Shuhai Feng, 2015. "Unit Commitment Model Considering Flexible Scheduling of Demand Response for High Wind Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-22, December.
    18. Zakaria, Zulfirdaus & Kamarudin, Siti Kartom & Abd Wahid, Khairul Anuar & Abu Hassan, Saiful Hasmady, 2021. "The progress of fuel cell for malaysian residential consumption: Energy status and prospects to introduction as a renewable power generation system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    19. Siti Norasyiqin Abdul Latif & Meng Soon Chiong & Srithar Rajoo & Asako Takada & Yoon-Young Chun & Kiyotaka Tahara & Yasuyuki Ikegami, 2021. "The Trend and Status of Energy Resources and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Malaysia Power Generation Mix," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-26, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hannan, M.A. & Begum, R.A. & Abdolrasol, M.G. & Hossain Lipu, M.S. & Mohamed, A. & Rashid, M.M., 2018. "Review of baseline studies on energy policies and indicators in Malaysia for future sustainable energy development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 551-564.
    2. Habib Hussain Khan & Nahla Samargandi & Adeel Ahmed, 2021. "Economic development, energy consumption, and climate change: An empirical account from Malaysia," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 45(4), pages 397-423, November.
    3. Chong, Chin Hao & Tan, Wei Xin & Ting, Zhao Jia & Liu, Pei & Ma, Linwei & Li, Zheng & Ni, Weidou, 2019. "The driving factors of energy-related CO2 emission growth in Malaysia: The LMDI decomposition method based on energy allocation analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    4. Shahmohammadi, M. Sadegh & Mohd. Yusuff, Rosnah & Keyhanian, Sina & Shakouri G., Hamed, 2015. "A decision support system for evaluating effects of Feed-in Tariff mechanism: Dynamic modeling of Malaysia’s electricity generation mix," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 217-229.
    5. Chien Bong, Cassendra Phun & Ho, Wai Shin & Hashim, Haslenda & Lim, Jeng Shiun & Ho, Chin Siong & Peng Tan, William Soo & Lee, Chew Tin, 2017. "Review on the renewable energy and solid waste management policies towards biogas development in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 988-998.
    6. Ahmad, Salsabila & Shafie, Suhaidi & Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin & Ahmad, Noor Syafawati, 2013. "On the effectiveness of time and date-based sun positioning solar collector in tropical climate: A case study in Northern Peninsular Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 635-642.
    7. Foo, K.Y., 2015. "A vision on the opportunities, policies and coping strategies for the energy security and green energy development in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1477-1498.
    8. Basri, Nor Afifah & Ramli, Ahmad Termizi & Aliyu, Abubakar Sadiq, 2015. "Malaysia energy strategy towards sustainability: A panoramic overview of the benefits and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1094-1105.
    9. Borhanazad, H. & Mekhilef, S. & Saidur, R. & Boroumandjazi, G., 2013. "Potential application of renewable energy for rural electrification in Malaysia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 210-219.
    10. Ho, Lip-Wah, 2016. "Wind energy in Malaysia: Past, present and future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 279-295.
    11. Shekarchian, M. & Moghavvemi, M. & Motasemi, F. & Zarifi, F. & Mahlia, T.M.I., 2012. "Energy and fuel consumption forecast by retrofitting absorption cooling in Malaysia from 2012 to 2025," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(8), pages 6128-6141.
    12. Petinrin, J.O. & Shaaban, Mohamed, 2015. "Renewable energy for continuous energy sustainability in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 967-981.
    13. Saidur, R. & BoroumandJazi, G. & Mekhilef, S. & Mohammed, H.A., 2012. "A review on exergy analysis of biomass based fuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 1217-1222.
    14. Oh, Tick Hui & Hasanuzzaman, Md & Selvaraj, Jeyraj & Teo, Siew Chein & Chua, Shing Chyi, 2018. "Energy policy and alternative energy in Malaysia: Issues and challenges for sustainable growth – An update," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 3021-3031.
    15. Sabo, Mahmoud Lurwan & Mariun, Norman & Hizam, Hashim & Mohd Radzi, Mohd Amran & Zakaria, Azmi, 2016. "Spatial energy predictions from large-scale photovoltaic power plants located in optimal sites and connected to a smart grid in Peninsular Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 79-94.
    16. Fazeli, Alireza & Bakhtvar, Farzaneh & Jahanshaloo, Leila & Che Sidik, Nor Azwadi & Bayat, Ali Esfandyari, 2016. "Malaysia׳s stand on municipal solid waste conversion to energy: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1007-1016.
    17. Shaikh, Pervez Hameed & Nor, Nursyarizal Bin Mohd. & Sahito, Anwer Ali & Nallagownden, Perumal & Elamvazuthi, Irraivan & Shaikh, M.S., 2017. "Building energy for sustainable development in Malaysia: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1392-1403.
    18. Muhammad Aslam Mohd Safari & Nurulkamal Masseran & Alias Jedi & Sohif Mat & Kamaruzzaman Sopian & Azman Bin Abdul Rahim & Azami Zaharim, 2020. "Rural Public Acceptance of Wind and Solar Energy: A Case Study from Mersing, Malaysia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-24, July.
    19. Lean, Hooi Hooi & Smyth, Russell, 2014. "Are shocks to disaggregated energy consumption in Malaysia permanent or temporary? Evidence from LM unit root tests with structural breaks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 319-328.
    20. Kardooni, Roozbeh & Yusoff, Sumiani Binti & Kari, Fatimah Binti, 2016. "Renewable energy technology acceptance in Peninsular Malaysia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 1-10.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:4:p:2828-2866:d:48188. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.