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Frequency Stabilization of AC Microgrid Clusters: An Efficient Fractional Order Supercapacitor Controller Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Md. Shafiul Alam

    (Applied Research Center for Environment & Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abdullah A. Almehizia

    (National Center for Electrical Energy Technology and Cooling, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia)

  • Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail

    (Applied Research Center for Environment & Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
    Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia)

  • Md. Alamgir Hossain

    (Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia)

  • Muhammad Azharul Islam

    (Electrical & Electronic Engineering (EEE), International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Kumira 4318, Bangladesh)

  • Md. Shafiullah

    (Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia)

  • Aasim Ullah

    (Electrical & Electronic Engineering (EEE), International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Kumira 4318, Bangladesh)

Abstract

An autonomous microgrid is often formed by incorporating distributed generators into the distribution system. However, distributed generators have less inertia compared to traditional synchronous generators, and can cause the system frequency to become unstable. Additionally, as more clusters are integrated into the distribution microgrid, frequency instability increases. To resolve frequency instability in the microgrid cluster, this study proposes a supercapacitor control approach. The microgrid consists of several clusters which integrate wind power generators, solar PV, STP, fuel cells, aqua electrolyzers, and diesel generators. Initially, a small signal model is developed to facilitate the control design. A fractional-order supercapacitor controller is augmented with the developed small-signal model to stabilize the frequency of the microgrid. Furthermore, the controller parameters are optimized to guarantee robust controller performance. The proposed fractional-order supercapacitor controller provides more degrees of freedom compared to the conventional controller. Time-domain simulations were carried out considering several real-time scenarios to test the performance of the proposed controller. We observed that the presented approach is capable of stabilizing the system frequency in all cases. Furthermore, the proposed approach outperforms existing approaches in stabilizing the frequency of the microgrid cluster.

Suggested Citation

  • Md. Shafiul Alam & Abdullah A. Almehizia & Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail & Md. Alamgir Hossain & Muhammad Azharul Islam & Md. Shafiullah & Aasim Ullah, 2022. "Frequency Stabilization of AC Microgrid Clusters: An Efficient Fractional Order Supercapacitor Controller Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-22, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:14:p:5179-:d:864659
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thongchart Kerdphol & Masayuki Watanabe & Yasunori Mitani & Veena Phunpeng, 2019. "Applying Virtual Inertia Control Topology to SMES System for Frequency Stability Improvement of Low-Inertia Microgrids Driven by High Renewables," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-16, October.
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    6. Md Shafiul Alam & Mohammad Ali Yousef Abido & Ibrahim El-Amin, 2018. "Fault Current Limiters in Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-24, April.
    7. Ahmed Fathy & Dalia Yousri & Hegazy Rezk & Sudhakar Babu Thanikanti & Hany M. Hasanien, 2022. "A Robust Fractional-Order PID Controller Based Load Frequency Control Using Modified Hunger Games Search Optimizer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-25, January.
    8. Wang, Shuoqi & Lu, Languang & Han, Xuebing & Ouyang, Minggao & Feng, Xuning, 2020. "Virtual-battery based droop control and energy storage system size optimization of a DC microgrid for electric vehicle fast charging station," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
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    11. Md Shafiul Alam & Mohammad Ali Yousef Abido & Alaa El-Din Hussein & Ibrahim El-Amin, 2019. "Fault Ride through Capability Augmentation of a DFIG-Based Wind Integrated VSC-HVDC System with Non-Superconducting Fault Current Limiter," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-23, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Md. Shafiul Alam & Tanzi Ahmed Chowdhury & Abhishak Dhar & Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail & M. S. H. Choudhury & Md Shafiullah & Md. Ismail Hossain & Md. Alamgir Hossain & Aasim Ullah & Syed Masiur Rahman, 2023. "Solar and Wind Energy Integrated System Frequency Control: A Critical Review on Recent Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-31, January.
    2. Maciej Sołtysik & Mariusz Kozakiewicz & Jakub Jasiński, 2022. "Improvement of Operating Efficiency of Energy Cooperatives with the Use of “Crypto-Coin Mining”," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-25, October.
    3. Maciej Sołtysik & Karolina Mucha-Kuś & Jacek Kamiński, 2022. "The New Model of Energy Cluster Management and Functioning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-18, September.
    4. Md Shafiul Alam, 2022. "Power Management for Distributed Generators Integrated System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-3, August.

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