IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i12p3638-d577618.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Financial Development, Financial Inclusion and Primary Energy Use: Evidence from the European Union Transition Economies

Author

Listed:
  • Yilmaz Bayar

    (Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Bandirma 102000, Balikesir, Turkey)

  • Mehmet Hilmi Ozkaya

    (Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Usak University, Usak 64000, Turkey)

  • Laura Herta

    (Department of International Relations and German Studies, Faculty of European Studies, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Marius Dan Gavriletea

    (Department of Business, Faculty of Business, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

Abstract

The main objective of the research is to analyze the impact of financial sector development indicators and financial institutions access on primary energy use based on a sample of European Union transition members over 20 years period (1996–2017) through panel cointegration and causality tests that allow for cross-section dependence. The causality analysis revealed that the direction of the causality among financial development indicators, financial institutions access, and primary energy use varied among the countries. On the other side, panel cointegration coefficients disclosed that the financial development index positively affected the primary energy use, but private credit did not have a significant effect on the primary energy use. Furthermore, financial institutions’ access had a significant negative impact on primary energy use. However, country-level cointegration coefficients indicated that the financial development index positively affected the primary energy use in Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Hungary, and Slovenia, and private credit also had a positive impact on primary energy use in Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, and Slovakia, but the effect of financial development index on primary energy use was found to be very higher than that of private credit. Moreover, financial institutions’ access negatively affected the primary energy use in Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, and Romania.

Suggested Citation

  • Yilmaz Bayar & Mehmet Hilmi Ozkaya & Laura Herta & Marius Dan Gavriletea, 2021. "Financial Development, Financial Inclusion and Primary Energy Use: Evidence from the European Union Transition Economies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-14, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:12:p:3638-:d:577618
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/12/3638/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/12/3638/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Babu, M. Suresh & Loganathan, Nanthakumar & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2017. "Does financial development intensify energy consumption in Saudi Arabia?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1022-1034.
    2. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Hoang, Thi Hong Van & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar & Roubaud, David, 2017. "Energy consumption, financial development and economic growth in India: New evidence from a nonlinear and asymmetric analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 199-212.
    3. Zhang, Yue-Jun, 2011. "Interpreting the dynamic nexus between energy consumption and economic growth: Empirical evidence from Russia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 2265-2272, May.
    4. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Lean, Hooi Hooi, 2012. "Does financial development increase energy consumption? The role of industrialization and urbanization in Tunisia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 473-479.
    5. Jorg Breitung, 2005. "A Parametric approach to the Estimation of Cointegration Vectors in Panel Data," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(2), pages 151-173.
    6. Bülent Altay & Mert Topcu, 2015. "Relationship between Financial Development and Energy Consumption: The Case of Turkey," Bulletin of Energy Economics (BEE), The Economics and Social Development Organization (TESDO), vol. 3(1), pages 18-24, March.
    7. Westerlund, Joakim & Edgerton, David L., 2007. "A panel bootstrap cointegration test," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 97(3), pages 185-190, December.
    8. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2007. "A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(2), pages 265-312.
    9. Alina Zaharia & Maria Claudia Diaconeasa & Laura Brad & Georgiana-Raluca Lădaru & Corina Ioanăș, 2019. "Factors Influencing Energy Consumption in the Context of Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-28, August.
    10. T. S. Breusch & A. R. Pagan, 1980. "The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 47(1), pages 239-253.
    11. M. Hashem Pesaran & Aman Ullah & Takashi Yamagata, 2008. "A bias-adjusted LM test of error cross-section independence," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 11(1), pages 105-127, March.
    12. Islam, Faridul & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Ahmed, Ashraf U. & Alam, Md. Mahmudul, 2013. "Financial development and energy consumption nexus in Malaysia: A multivariate time series analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 435-441.
    13. Hashem Pesaran, M. & Yamagata, Takashi, 2008. "Testing slope homogeneity in large panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 142(1), pages 50-93, January.
    14. Hasan Gungor & Angela Uzoamaka Simon, 2017. "Energy Consumption, Finance and Growth: The Role of Urbanization and Industrialization in South Africa," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(3), pages 268-276.
    15. Zhang, Yue-Jun, 2011. "The impact of financial development on carbon emissions: An empirical analysis in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(4), pages 2197-2203, April.
    16. Shahriyar Mukhtarov & Jeyhun I. Mikayilov & Jeyhun Mammadov & Elvin Mammadov, 2018. "The Impact of Financial Development on Energy Consumption: Evidence from an Oil-Rich Economy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-14, June.
    17. Valeriia Denisova, 2020. "Financial Development and Energy Consumption: Evidence from Germany," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(2), pages 35-39.
    18. Sadorsky, Perry, 2011. "Financial development and energy consumption in Central and Eastern European frontier economies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 999-1006, February.
    19. Karen Fernandes & Y. V. Reddy, 2021. "Determinants of Energy Consumption In Newly Industrialised Countries of Asia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(1), pages 93-100.
    20. Mozumder, Pallab & Marathe, Achla, 2007. "Causality relationship between electricity consumption and GDP in Bangladesh," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 395-402, January.
    21. Kahouli, Bassem, 2017. "The short and long run causality relationship among economic growth, energy consumption and financial development: Evidence from South Mediterranean Countries (SMCs)," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 19-30.
    22. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2006. "Estimation and Inference in Large Heterogeneous Panels with a Multifactor Error Structure," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 74(4), pages 967-1012, July.
    23. Sadorsky, Perry, 2010. "The impact of financial development on energy consumption in emerging economies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(5), pages 2528-2535, May.
    24. Shyh-Wei Chen & Zixiong Xie & Ying Liao, 2018. "Energy consumption promotes economic growth or economic growth causes energy use in China? A panel data analysis," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 1019-1043, November.
    25. Alper Aslan & Onur Gozbasi & Buket Altinoz & Mehmet Altuntas, 2021. "Impact of financial development and economic growth on energy consumption: A panel vector autoregressive analysis for the comparison of G7 and top 10 emerging market economies," Energy & Environment, , vol. 32(7), pages 1315-1330, November.
    26. Chang, Shu-Chen, 2015. "Effects of financial developments and income on energy consumption," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 28-44.
    27. Kudaybergenov Janpolat & Shoirahon Odilova & Abdusalomova Nodira & Raufhon Salahodjaev & Anastas Khachaturov, 2021. "Financial Development and Energy Consumption Nexus in 32 Belt and Road Economies," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(2), pages 368-373.
    28. Fumitaka Furuoka, 2015. "Electricity consumption and economic development in Asia: new data and new methods," Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, The Crawford School, The Australian National University, vol. 29(1), pages 102-125, May.
    29. Shahriyar Mukhtarov & Sugra Humbatova & Ilgar Seyfullayev & Yashar Kalbiyev, 2020. "The effect of financial development on energy consumption in the case of Kazakhstan," Journal of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(1), pages 75-88, January.
    30. Çoban, Serap & Topcu, Mert, 2013. "The nexus between financial development and energy consumption in the EU: A dynamic panel data analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 81-88.
    31. Kim, Jeayoon & Park, Kwangwoo, 2016. "Financial development and deployment of renewable energy technologies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 238-250.
    32. Al-mulali, Usama & Lee, Janice Y.M., 2013. "Estimating the impact of the financial development on energy consumption: Evidence from the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 215-221.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Palesa Milliscent Lefatsa & Kin Sibanda & Rufaro Garidzirai, 2021. "The Relationship between Financial Development and Energy Consumption in South Africa," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-21, October.
    2. Yu, Yantuan & Tang, Kai, 2023. "Does financial inclusion improve energy efficiency?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 186(PA).
    3. Murshed, Muntasir & Ahmed, Rizwan & Khudoykulov, Khurshid & Kumpamool, Chamaiporn & Alrwashdeh, Nusiebeh Nahar Falah & Mahmood, Haider, 2023. "Can enhancing financial inclusivity lower climate risks by inhibiting carbon emissions? Contextual evidence from emerging economies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    4. Ponle Henry Kareem & Mumtaz Ali & Turgut Tursoy & Wagdi Khalifa, 2023. "Testing the Effect of Oil Prices, Ecological Footprint, Banking Sector Development and Economic Growth on Energy Consumptions: Evidence from Bootstrap ARDL Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-19, April.
    5. Gamze Sart & Mehmet Hilmi Ozkaya & Yilmaz Bayar, 2022. "Education, Financial Development, and Primary Energy Consumption: An Empirical Analysis for BRICS Economies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-14, June.
    6. Ozili, Peterson K, 2022. "Financial inclusion and sustainable development: an empirical association," MPRA Paper 115772, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Thu Thuy Nguyen & Van Chien Nguyen, 2021. "Financial Development and Renewables in Southeast Asian Countries—The Role of Organic Waste Materials," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-18, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gamze Sart & Mehmet Hilmi Ozkaya & Yilmaz Bayar, 2022. "Education, Financial Development, and Primary Energy Consumption: An Empirical Analysis for BRICS Economies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-14, June.
    2. Uddin, Md. Kamal & Pan, Xiongfeng & Saima, Umme & Zhang, Chengming, 2022. "Influence of financial development on energy intensity subject to technological innovation: Evidence from panel threshold regression," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    3. Durusu-Ciftci, Dilek & Soytas, Ugur & Nazlioglu, Saban, 2020. "Financial development and energy consumption in emerging markets: Smooth structural shifts and causal linkages," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    4. Pan, Xiongfeng & Uddin, Md. Kamal & Saima, Umme & Guo, Shucen & Guo, Ranran, 2019. "Regime switching effect of financial development on energy intensity: Evidence from Markov-switching vector error correction model," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    5. Chiu, Yi-Bin & Lee, Chien-Chiang, 2020. "Effects of financial development on energy consumption: The role of country risks," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    6. Ouyang, Yaofu & Li, Peng, 2018. "On the nexus of financial development, economic growth, and energy consumption in China: New perspective from a GMM panel VAR approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 238-252.
    7. Amuakwa-Mensah, Franklin & Klege, Rebecca A. & Adom, Philip K. & Amoah, Anthony & Hagan, Edmond, 2018. "Unveiling the energy saving role of banking performance in Sub-Sahara Africa," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 828-842.
    8. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Sinha, Avik & Raghutla, Chandrashekar & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2022. "Decomposing scale and technique effects of financial development and foreign direct investment on renewable energy consumption," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    9. Muhammad Shahbaz & Mehmet Akif Destek & Michael L. Polemis, 2018. "Do Foreign Capital and Financial Development Affect Clean Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions? Evidence from BRICS and Next-11 Countries," SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, University of Piraeus, vol. 68(4), pages 20-50, October-D.
    10. Pan, Xiongfeng & Uddin, Md. Kamal & Han, Cuicui & Pan, Xianyou, 2019. "Dynamics of financial development, trade openness, technological innovation and energy intensity: Evidence from Bangladesh," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 456-464.
    11. Faris Alshubiri & Mohamed Elheddad & Syed Ahsan Jamil & Nassima Djellouli, 2021. "The impacts of financial depth and foreign direct investment on the green and non-green energy consumption of OPEC members," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 1(6), pages 1-29, June.
    12. Danish, & Ulucak, Recep, 2021. "A revisit to the relationship between financial development and energy consumption: Is globalization paramount?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    13. Pradhan, Rudra P. & Arvin, Mak B. & Nair, Mahendhiran & Bennett, Sara E. & Hall, John H., 2018. "The dynamics between energy consumption patterns, financial sector development and economic growth in Financial Action Task Force (FATF) countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 42-53.
    14. Khan, Muhammad Tariq Iqbal & Yaseen, Muhammad Rizwan & Ali, Qamar, 2019. "Nexus between financial development, tourism, renewable energy, and greenhouse gas emission in high-income countries: A continent-wise analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 293-310.
    15. Wang, You & Gong, Xu, 2020. "Does financial development have a non-linear impact on energy consumption? Evidence from 30 provinces in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    16. Qamruzzaman, Md & Jianguo, Wei, 2020. "The asymmetric relationship between financial development, trade openness, foreign capital flows, and renewable energy consumption: Fresh evidence from panel NARDL investigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 827-842.
    17. Alper Aslan & Onur Gozbasi & Buket Altinoz & Mehmet Altuntas, 2021. "Impact of financial development and economic growth on energy consumption: A panel vector autoregressive analysis for the comparison of G7 and top 10 emerging market economies," Energy & Environment, , vol. 32(7), pages 1315-1330, November.
    18. Xie, Qichang & Bai, Dingchuan & Cong, Xiaoping, 2022. "Modeling the dynamic influences of economic growth and financial development on energy consumption in emerging economies: Insights from dynamic nonlinear approaches," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    19. Lin, Boqiang & Okoye, Jude O., 2023. "Towards renewable energy generation and low greenhouse gas emission in high-income countries: Performance of financial development and governance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    20. Shahriyar Mukhtarov & R dvan Karacan & Fuzuli Aliyev & Vuqar Ismayilov, 2022. "The Effect of Financial Development on Energy Consumption: Evidence from Russia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(1), pages 243-249.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:12:p:3638-:d:577618. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.