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Plug-in Electric Vehicles for Grid Services Provision: Proposing an Operational Characterization Procedure for V2G Systems

Author

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  • Ângelo Casaleiro

    (Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Rodrigo Amaro e Silva

    (Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • João Serra

    (Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal)

Abstract

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are expected to play a role as power grid ancillary service providers through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) chargers, enabling higher levels of renewable electricity penetration. However, to fully exploit the storage capacity of PEVs and fast responsiveness, it is crucial to understand their operational characteristics. This work proposes a characterization procedure for V2G systems providing grid services. It extends the existing literature on response time, AC/DC conversion and reactive power assessment. Illustrative results were obtained by implementing the procedure using a Nissan Leaf battery electric vehicle (BEV) connected to a remotely operated commercial V2G CHAdeMO charger. The V2G system was characterized as having a relative inaccuracy and variability of response inferior to 3% and 0.4%, respectively. Its average communication and ramping times are 2.37 s and 0.26 s/kW, respectively. Its conversion efficiency and power factor both showed degradation in the power values below 50% of the charger’s nominal power. Moreover, the proposed visualizations revealed that: i) the V2G system implements power requests for the DC power flow; ii) the power factor control algorithm was nonoperational; and iii) the acquired data can leverage statistical models that describe the operation of V2G systems (which is of extreme value for researchers and operators).

Suggested Citation

  • Ângelo Casaleiro & Rodrigo Amaro e Silva & João Serra, 2020. "Plug-in Electric Vehicles for Grid Services Provision: Proposing an Operational Characterization Procedure for V2G Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-12, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:5:p:1240-:d:329854
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hu, Junjie & Morais, Hugo & Sousa, Tiago & Lind, Morten, 2016. "Electric vehicle fleet management in smart grids: A review of services, optimization and control aspects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 1207-1226.
    2. Marisca Zweistra & Stan Janssen & Frank Geerts, 2020. "Large Scale Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles in Practice," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-13, January.
    3. Das, H.S. & Rahman, M.M. & Li, S. & Tan, C.W., 2020. "Electric vehicles standards, charging infrastructure, and impact on grid integration: A technological review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
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    1. Josip Vasilj & Damir Jakus & Petar Sarajcev, 2020. "Virtual Storage-Based Model for Estimation of Economic Benefits of Electric Vehicles in Renewable Portfolios," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-19, May.

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