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Estimating the Energy Demand and Growth in Off-Grid Villages: Case Studies from Myanmar, Indonesia, and Laos

Author

Listed:
  • Andante Hadi Pandyaswargo

    (Environmental Research Institute, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0042, Japan)

  • Mengyi Ruan

    (Graduate School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0042, Japan)

  • Eiei Htwe

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mandalay Technological University, Patheingyi, Mandalay 05072, Myanmar)

  • Motoshi Hiratsuka

    (Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan)

  • Alan Dwi Wibowo

    (Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin Utara, Banjarmasin 70123, Indonesia)

  • Yuji Nagai

    (Environmental Research Institute, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0042, Japan)

  • Hiroshi Onoda

    (Graduate School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0042, Japan)

Abstract

Under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the world has pledged to “leaving no one behind”. Responding to goal No. 7 on the agenda, efforts to provide modern energy to all the world population must be pushed forward. This is important because electrification in the rural area can indirectly support opportunities for social and economic development resulting in an acceleration of the eradication of poverty. The research goal of this study is to contribute insights about the scale of energy demand in unelectrified villages in the Southeast Asian countries and to discuss some factors that might influence the energy demand growth. This is done by making projections based on surveys and interviews, including a time-use survey, in three off-grid villages located in Myanmar, Indonesia, and Laos. Our analysis presented the living condition, highlight the types of energy sources, how, and in what rhythms people use energy on a daily basis in those villages. The demands in each case study villages were then projected based on several constructed scenarios. It was found that the factors of household size, proximity to the city, climate, and topography may influence the present and future growth of energy demands in the villages. The estimated energy demand may be useful for project managers to design a pilot off-grid energy system project in a similar environment and pointed out important factors to consider when formulating off-grid energy policies in the region.

Suggested Citation

  • Andante Hadi Pandyaswargo & Mengyi Ruan & Eiei Htwe & Motoshi Hiratsuka & Alan Dwi Wibowo & Yuji Nagai & Hiroshi Onoda, 2020. "Estimating the Energy Demand and Growth in Off-Grid Villages: Case Studies from Myanmar, Indonesia, and Laos," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-22, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:20:p:5313-:d:427009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Elvy Maria Manurung & Mumsikah Choyri Diyanah & Paulina Permatasari & Irwanda Wisnu Wardhana, 2022. "Energy Equality in Indonesia Villages: A Discourse Analysis," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(1), pages 169-176.

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