IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v11y2018i8p2174-d164708.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An Overview of Energy Scenarios, Storage Systems and the Infrastructure for Vehicle-to-Grid Technology

Author

Listed:
  • Tohid Harighi

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey)

  • Ramazan Bayindir

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey)

  • Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark)

  • Lucian Mihet-Popa

    (Norway Faculty of Engineering, Østfold University College, Kobberslagerstredet 5, 1671 Kråkeroy-Fredrikstad, Norway)

  • Eklas Hossain

    (Department of Electrical Engineering & Renewable Energy, Oregon Tech, Klamath Falls, OR 97601, USA)

Abstract

The increase in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) is one of the most important problems in the world. Decreasing GHG emissions will be a big challenge in the future. The transportation sector uses a significant part of petroleum production in the world, and this leads to an increase in the emission of GHG. The result of this issue is that the population of the world befouls the environment by the transportation system automatically. Electric Vehicles (EV) have the potential to solve a big part of GHG emission and energy efficiency issues such as the stability and reliability of energy. Therefore, the EV and grid relation is limited to the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) or Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) function. Consequently, the grid has temporary energy storage in EVs’ batteries and electricity in exchange for fossil energy in vehicles. The energy actors and their research teams have determined some targets for 2050; hence, they hope to decrease the world temperature by 6 °C, or at least by 2 °C in the normal condition. Fulfilment of these scenarios requires suitable grid infrastructure, but in most countries, the grid does not have a suitable background to apply in those scenarios. In this paper, some problems regarding energy scenarios, energy storage systems, grid infrastructure and communication systems in the supply and demand side of the grid are reviewed.

Suggested Citation

  • Tohid Harighi & Ramazan Bayindir & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Eklas Hossain, 2018. "An Overview of Energy Scenarios, Storage Systems and the Infrastructure for Vehicle-to-Grid Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:8:p:2174-:d:164708
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/8/2174/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/8/2174/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tan, Kang Miao & Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. & Yong, Jia Ying, 2016. "Integration of electric vehicles in smart grid: A review on vehicle to grid technologies and optimization techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 720-732.
    2. Zamani, Ali Ghahgharaee & Zakariazadeh, Alireza & Jadid, Shahram, 2016. "Day-ahead resource scheduling of a renewable energy based virtual power plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 324-340.
    3. Godina, Radu & Rodrigues, Eduardo M.G. & Matias, João C.O. & Catalão, João P.S., 2016. "Smart electric vehicle charging scheduler for overloading prevention of an industry client power distribution transformer," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 29-42.
    4. Martin-Martínez, F. & Sánchez-Miralles, A. & Rivier, M., 2016. "A literature review of Microgrids: A functional layer based classification," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1133-1153.
    5. Fang, Xinli & Yang, Qiang & Wang, Jianhui & Yan, Wenjun, 2016. "Coordinated dispatch in multiple cooperative autonomous islanded microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 40-48.
    6. Bi, Zicheng & Kan, Tianze & Mi, Chunting Chris & Zhang, Yiming & Zhao, Zhengming & Keoleian, Gregory A., 2016. "A review of wireless power transfer for electric vehicles: Prospects to enhance sustainable mobility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 413-425.
    7. Dominković, D.F. & Bačeković, I. & Ćosić, B. & Krajačić, G. & Pukšec, T. & Duić, N. & Markovska, N., 2016. "Zero carbon energy system of South East Europe in 2050," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1517-1528.
    8. Seneviratne, Chinthaka & Ozansoy, C., 2016. "Frequency response due to a large generator loss with the increasing penetration of wind/PV generation – A literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 659-668.
    9. Ali, S.M. & Jawad, M. & Khan, B. & Mehmood, C.A. & Zeb, N. & Tanoli, A. & Farid, U. & Glower, J. & Khan, S.U., 2016. "Wide area smart grid architectural model and control: A survey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 311-328.
    10. Opitz, A. & Badami, P. & Shen, L. & Vignarooban, K. & Kannan, A.M., 2017. "Can Li-Ion batteries be the panacea for automotive applications?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 685-692.
    11. Lee, Meng Hong & Chang, Dong-Shang, 2016. "Allocative efficiency of high-power Li-ion batteries from automotive mode (AM) to storage mode (SM)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 60-67.
    12. Dantas, Guilherme de A. & de Castro, Nivalde J. & Brandão, Roberto & Rosental, Rubens & Lafranque, Alexandre, 2017. "Prospects for the Brazilian electricity sector in the 2030s: Scenarios and guidelines for its transformation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 997-1007.
    13. Shareef, Hussain & Islam, Md. Mainul & Mohamed, Azah, 2016. "A review of the stage-of-the-art charging technologies, placement methodologies, and impacts of electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 403-420.
    14. Faessler, B. & Kepplinger, P. & Petrasch, J., 2017. "Decentralized price-driven grid balancing via repurposed electric vehicle batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 446-455.
    15. Ayodele, T.R. & Ogunjuyigbe, A.S.O., 2015. "Mitigation of wind power intermittency: Storage technology approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 447-456.
    16. Zhou, Bowen & Littler, Tim & Meegahapola, Lasantha & Zhang, Huaguang, 2016. "Power system steady-state analysis with large-scale electric vehicle integration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 289-302.
    17. Tarroja, Brian & Zhang, Li & Wifvat, Van & Shaffer, Brendan & Samuelsen, Scott, 2016. "Assessing the stationary energy storage equivalency of vehicle-to-grid charging battery electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 673-690.
    18. Shang, Duo (Rick) & Sun, Guodong, 2016. "Electricity-price arbitrage with plug-in hybrid electric vehicle: Gain or loss?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 402-410.
    19. Li, Bosong & Shen, Jingshuang & Wang, Xu & Jiang, Chuanwen, 2016. "From controllable loads to generalized demand-side resources: A review on developments of demand-side resources," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 936-944.
    20. Steve Heinen & David Elzinga & Seul-Ki Kim & Yuichi Ikeda, 2011. "Impact of Smart Grid Technologies on Peak Load to 2050," IEA Energy Papers 2011/11, OECD Publishing.
    21. Hu, Zechun & Zhan, Kaiqiao & Zhang, Hongcai & Song, Yonghua, 2016. "Pricing mechanisms design for guiding electric vehicle charging to fill load valley," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 155-163.
    22. Yang, Hongming & Xiong, Tonglin & Qiu, Jing & Qiu, Duo & Dong, Zhao Yang, 2016. "Optimal operation of DES/CCHP based regional multi-energy prosumer with demand response," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 353-365.
    23. Howlader, Harun Or Rashid & Matayoshi, Hidehito & Senjyu, Tomonobu, 2016. "Distributed generation integrated with thermal unit commitment considering demand response for energy storage optimization of smart grid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 107-117.
    24. Zhao, Haoran & Wu, Qiuwei & Hu, Shuju & Xu, Honghua & Rasmussen, Claus Nygaard, 2015. "Review of energy storage system for wind power integration support," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 545-553.
    25. Zhou, Bowen & Yao, Feng & Littler, Tim & Zhang, Huaguang, 2016. "An electric vehicle dispatch module for demand-side energy participation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 464-474.
    26. Heydarian-Forushani, E. & Golshan, M.E.H. & Shafie-khah, M., 2016. "Flexible interaction of plug-in electric vehicle parking lots for efficient wind integration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 338-349.
    27. Lee, Amy H.I. & Chen, Hsing Hung & Chen, Jack, 2017. "Building smart grid to power the next century in Taiwan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 126-135.
    28. Yong, Jia Ying & Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. & Tan, Kang Miao & Mithulananthan, N., 2015. "A review on the state-of-the-art technologies of electric vehicle, its impacts and prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 365-385.
    29. Calvillo, C.F. & Sánchez-Miralles, A. & Villar, J., 2016. "Energy management and planning in smart cities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 273-287.
    30. Luo, Yugong & Zhu, Tao & Wan, Shuang & Zhang, Shuwei & Li, Keqiang, 2016. "Optimal charging scheduling for large-scale EV (electric vehicle) deployment based on the interaction of the smart-grid and intelligent-transport systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 359-368.
    31. Darcovich, K. & Kenney, B. & MacNeil, D.D. & Armstrong, M.M., 2015. "Control strategies and cycling demands for Li-ion storage batteries in residential micro-cogeneration systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 32-41.
    32. Andrenacci, N. & Ragona, R. & Valenti, G., 2016. "A demand-side approach to the optimal deployment of electric vehicle charging stations in metropolitan areas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 39-46.
    33. Lakshmanan, Venkatachalam & Marinelli, Mattia & Hu, Junjie & Bindner, Henrik W., 2016. "Provision of secondary frequency control via demand response activation on thermostatically controlled loads: Solutions and experiences from Denmark," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 470-480.
    34. Liu, Liuchen & Zhu, Tong & Pan, Yu & Wang, Hai, 2017. "Multiple energy complementation based on distributed energy systems – Case study of Chongming county, China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 329-336.
    35. Shirazi, Yosef & Carr, Edward & Knapp, Lauren, 2015. "A cost-benefit analysis of alternatively fueled buses with special considerations for V2G technology," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 591-603.
    36. Bhatti, Abdul Rauf & Salam, Zainal & Aziz, Mohd Junaidi Bin Abdul & Yee, Kong Pui & Ashique, Ratil H., 2016. "Electric vehicles charging using photovoltaic: Status and technological review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 34-47.
    37. Meng, Jian & Mu, Yunfei & Jia, Hongjie & Wu, Jianzhong & Yu, Xiaodan & Qu, Bo, 2016. "Dynamic frequency response from electric vehicles considering travelling behavior in the Great Britain power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 966-979.
    38. Mathiesen, B.V. & Lund, H. & Connolly, D. & Wenzel, H. & Østergaard, P.A. & Möller, B. & Nielsen, S. & Ridjan, I. & Karnøe, P. & Sperling, K. & Hvelplund, F.K., 2015. "Smart Energy Systems for coherent 100% renewable energy and transport solutions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 139-154.
    39. Nunes, Pedro & Figueiredo, Raquel & Brito, Miguel C., 2016. "The use of parking lots to solar-charge electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 679-693.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sergio Saponara & Lucian Mihet-Popa, 2019. "Energy Storage Systems and Power Conversion Electronics for E-Transportation and Smart Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-9, February.
    2. Amith Khandakar & Annaufal Rizqullah & Anas Ashraf Abdou Berbar & Mohammad Rafi Ahmed & Atif Iqbal & Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury & S. M. Ashfaq Uz Zaman, 2020. "A Case Study to Identify the Hindrances to Widespread Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Qatar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-20, August.
    3. Jesús Rodríguez-Molina & Pedro Castillejo & Victoria Beltran & Margarita Martínez-Núñez, 2020. "A Model for Cost–Benefit Analysis of Privately Owned Vehicle-to-Grid Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-38, November.
    4. Muhammad Saad & Husan Ali & Huamei Liu & Shahbaz Khan & Haider Zaman & Bakht Muhammad Khan & Du Kai & Ju Yongfeng, 2018. "A dq -Domain Impedance Measurement Methodology for Three-Phase Converters in Distributed Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-15, October.
    5. Yuancheng Li & Pan Zhang & Yimeng Wang, 2018. "The Location Privacy Protection of Electric Vehicles with Differential Privacy in V2G Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-17, October.
    6. Knez, Matjaz & Zevnik, Gašper Kozelj & Obrecht, Matevz, 2019. "A review of available chargers for electric vehicles: United States of America, European Union, and Asia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 284-293.
    7. Tohid Harighi & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Ramazan Bayindir & Eklas Hossain & Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen, 2019. "Electric Vehicle Charge Stations Location Analysis and Determination—Ankara (Turkey) Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-22, September.
    8. Seyfettin Vadi & Ramazan Bayindir & Alperen Mustafa Colak & Eklas Hossain, 2019. "A Review on Communication Standards and Charging Topologies of V2G and V2H Operation Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-27, September.
    9. Lucian Mihet-Popa & Sergio Saponara, 2018. "Toward Green Vehicles Digitalization for the Next Generation of Connected and Electrified Transport Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, November.
    10. Hyuk Jung & Bohyun Moon & Gwang Goo Lee, 2020. "Development of Experimental Apparatus for Fire Resistance Test of Rechargeable Energy Storage System in x EV," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mahmud, Khizir & Town, Graham E. & Morsalin, Sayidul & Hossain, M.J., 2018. "Integration of electric vehicles and management in the internet of energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 4179-4203.
    2. Das, H.S. & Rahman, M.M. & Li, S. & Tan, C.W., 2020. "Electric vehicles standards, charging infrastructure, and impact on grid integration: A technological review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    3. Ji, Zhenya & Huang, Xueliang, 2018. "Plug-in electric vehicle charging infrastructure deployment of China towards 2020: Policies, methodologies, and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 710-727.
    4. Soares, João & Ghazvini, Mohammad Ali Fotouhi & Borges, Nuno & Vale, Zita, 2017. "Dynamic electricity pricing for electric vehicles using stochastic programming," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 111-127.
    5. Østergaard, P.A. & Lund, H. & Thellufsen, J.Z. & Sorknæs, P. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2022. "Review and validation of EnergyPLAN," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    6. Asaad Mohammad & Ramon Zamora & Tek Tjing Lie, 2020. "Integration of Electric Vehicles in the Distribution Network: A Review of PV Based Electric Vehicle Modelling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-20, September.
    7. Zou, Wenke & Sun, Yongjun & Gao, Dian-ce & Zhang, Xu & Liu, Junyao, 2023. "A review on integration of surging plug-in electric vehicles charging in energy-flexible buildings: Impacts analysis, collaborative management technologies, and future perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
    8. Eltoumi, Fouad M. & Becherif, Mohamed & Djerdir, Abdesslem & Ramadan, Haitham.S., 2021. "The key issues of electric vehicle charging via hybrid power sources: Techno-economic viability, analysis, and recommendations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    9. Tan, Kang Miao & Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. & Yong, Jia Ying, 2016. "Optimal vehicle to grid planning and scheduling using double layer multi-objective algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1060-1073.
    10. Morsy Nour & José Pablo Chaves-Ávila & Gaber Magdy & Álvaro Sánchez-Miralles, 2020. "Review of Positive and Negative Impacts of Electric Vehicles Charging on Electric Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-34, September.
    11. Ashique, Ratil H. & Salam, Zainal & Bin Abdul Aziz, Mohd Junaidi & Bhatti, Abdul Rauf, 2017. "Integrated photovoltaic-grid dc fast charging system for electric vehicle: A review of the architecture and control," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1243-1257.
    12. Hannan, M.A. & Lipu, M.S.H. & Hussain, A. & Mohamed, A., 2017. "A review of lithium-ion battery state of charge estimation and management system in electric vehicle applications: Challenges and recommendations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 834-854.
    13. Zhu, Xianwen & Xia, Mingchao & Chiang, Hsiao-Dong, 2018. "Coordinated sectional droop charging control for EV aggregator enhancing frequency stability of microgrid with high penetration of renewable energy sources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 936-943.
    14. Papachristos, George, 2017. "Diversity in technology competition: The link between platforms and sociotechnical transitions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 291-306.
    15. McPherson, Madeleine & Ismail, Malik & Hoornweg, Daniel & Metcalfe, Murray, 2018. "Planning for variable renewable energy and electric vehicle integration under varying degrees of decentralization: A case study in Lusaka, Zambia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 332-346.
    16. Gönül, Ömer & Duman, A. Can & Güler, Önder, 2021. "Electric vehicles and charging infrastructure in Turkey: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    17. Gaizka Saldaña & Jose Ignacio San Martin & Inmaculada Zamora & Francisco Javier Asensio & Oier Oñederra, 2019. "Electric Vehicle into the Grid: Charging Methodologies Aimed at Providing Ancillary Services Considering Battery Degradation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-37, June.
    18. Jasmine Ramsebner & Albert Hiesl & Reinhard Haas, 2020. "Efficient Load Management for BEV Charging Infrastructure in Multi-Apartment Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-23, November.
    19. Heilmann, C. & Friedl, G., 2021. "Factors influencing the economic success of grid-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid applications—A review and meta-analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    20. Yajing Gao & Xiaojie Zhou & Jiafeng Ren & Xiuna Wang & Dongwei Li, 2018. "Double Layer Dynamic Game Bidding Mechanism Based on Multi-Agent Technology for Virtual Power Plant and Internal Distributed Energy Resource," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-22, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:8:p:2174-:d:164708. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.