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Status Quo of the Air-Conditioning Market in Europe: Assessment of the Building Stock

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  • Simon Pezzutto

    (Institute for Renewable Energy, European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano (Eurac Research), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy)

  • Matteo De Felice

    (Climate Impacts & Modelling laboratory, ENEA, Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy)

  • Reza Fazeli

    (Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sæmundargata 2, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland)

  • Lukas Kranzl

    (Energy Economics Group, Institute of Energy Systems and Electric Drives, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 25-29/370-3, 1040 Vienna, Austria)

  • Stefano Zambotti

    (Institute for Renewable Energy, European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano (Eurac Research), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy)

Abstract

This study fills in knowledge gaps for the European air-conditioning (AC) market, which is fundamentally important to raising awareness about primary energy utilization. In contrast to space heating (SH) and domestic hot water (DHW) preparation, the European Union (EU) AC market is barely explored in scientific literature. While the focus of previous research has been on the residential sector, a shortfall of data for the services (wholesale and retail, offices, education, health, hotels and bars) exists. In this paper, data describing the actual space cooling (SC) market in Europe (quantity of SC units, equivalent full-load hours, installed capacities, seasonal energy efficiency values as well as cooled floor area per AC type and/or sector) is collected and explored using a bottom-up approach. Results indicate that SC is responsible for a significant portion of EU electricity consumption in households (nearly 5%) and even more in the service sector (~13%). Energy consumption for SC in the EU28 appears to be more than 140 TWh/y. The quantification of the European AC consumption shows a significant difference between the service and residential sectors: about 115 versus 25 TWh/y respectively. The SC market in Europe is characterized by a high potential for growth, especially in households.

Suggested Citation

  • Simon Pezzutto & Matteo De Felice & Reza Fazeli & Lukas Kranzl & Stefano Zambotti, 2017. "Status Quo of the Air-Conditioning Market in Europe: Assessment of the Building Stock," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-17, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:9:p:1253-:d:109484
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Werner, Sven, 2016. "European space cooling demands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 148-156.
    2. Simon Pezzutto & Reza Fazeli & Matteo De Felice & Wolfram Sparber, 2016. "Future development of the air-conditioning market in Europe: an outlook until 2020," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 5(6), pages 649-669, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Simon Pezzutto & Giulio Quaglini & Philippe Riviere & Lukas Kranzl & Antonio Novelli & Andrea Zambito & Eric Wilczynski, 2022. "Screening of Cooling Technologies in Europe: Alternatives to Vapour Compression and Possible Market Developments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-24, March.
    2. Nis Bertelsen & Brian Vad Mathiesen, 2020. "EU-28 Residential Heat Supply and Consumption: Historical Development and Status," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-21, April.
    3. Simon Pezzutto & Silvia Croce & Stefano Zambotti & Lukas Kranzl & Antonio Novelli & Pietro Zambelli, 2019. "Assessment of the Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water Market in Europe—Open Data and Results," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-16, May.
    4. Andrea Zambito & Giovanni Pernigotto & Simon Pezzutto & Andrea Gasparella, 2022. "Parametric Urban-Scale Analysis of Space Cooling Energy Needs and Potential Photovoltaic Integration in Residential Districts in South-West Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-19, May.
    5. Belen Moreno Santamaria & Fernando del Ama Gonzalo & Benito Lauret Aguirregabiria & Juan A. Hernandez Ramos, 2020. "Evaluation of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption of Water Flow Glazing as a Radiant Heating and Cooling System: A Case Study of an Office Space," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-27, September.
    6. Bárbara Torregrosa-Jaime & Pedro J. Martínez & Benjamín González & Gaspar Payá-Ballester, 2018. "Modelling of a Variable Refrigerant Flow System in EnergyPlus for Building Energy Simulation in an Open Building Information Modelling Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, December.
    7. Maragna, Charles & Rey, Charlotte & Perreaux, Marc, 2023. "A novel and versatile solar Borehole Thermal Energy Storage assisted by a Heat Pump. Part 1: System description," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 709-725.
    8. Braungardt, Sibylle & Bürger, Veit & Zieger, Jana & Bosselaar, Lex, 2019. "How to include cooling in the EU Renewable Energy Directive? Strategies and policy implications," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 260-267.
    9. Simon Pezzutto & Giulio Quaglini & Philippe Riviere & Lukas Kranzl & Antonio Novelli & Andrea Zambito & Luigi Bottecchia & Eric Wilczynski, 2022. "Space Cooling Market in Europe: Assessment of the Final Energy Consumption for the Year 2016," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-23, February.
    10. Sanguk Park & Sanghoon Lee & Sangmin Park & Sehyun Park, 2019. "AI-Based Physical and Virtual Platform with 5-Layered Architecture for Sustainable Smart Energy City Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-30, August.
    11. Simon Pezzutto & Giulio Quaglini & Andrea Zambito & Antonio Novelli & Philippe Riviere & Lukas Kranzl & Eric Wilczynski, 2022. "Potential Evolution of the Cooling Market in the EU27+UK: An Outlook until 2030," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-25, April.
    12. Simon Pezzutto & Philippe Riviere & Lukas Kranzl & Andrea Zambito & Giulio Quaglini & Antonio Novelli & Marcus Hummel & Luigi Bottecchia & Eric Wilczynski, 2022. "Recent Advances in District Cooling Diffusion in the EU27+UK: An Assessment of the Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-16, March.
    13. Schüppler, Simon & Fleuchaus, Paul & Duchesne, Antoine & Blum, Philipp, 2022. "Cooling supply costs of a university campus," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    14. Bilardo, Matteo & Ferrara, Maria & Fabrizio, Enrico, 2022. "The role of solar cooling for nearly zero energy multifamily buildings: Performance analysis across different climates," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 1343-1353.
    15. Simon Pezzutto & Giulio Quaglini & Philippe Riviere & Lukas Kranzl & Antonio Novelli & Andrea Zambito & Luigi Bottecchia & Eric Wilczynski, 2023. "Process Cooling Market in Europe: Assessment of the Final Energy Consumption for the Year 2016," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, February.
    16. Piotr Jadwiszczak & Jakub Jurasz & Bartosz Kaźmierczak & Elżbieta Niemierka & Wandong Zheng, 2021. "Factors Shaping A/W Heat Pumps CO₂ Emissions—Evidence from Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-13, March.

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