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Decline in Mobility: Public Transport in Poland in the time of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

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  • Michał Wielechowski

    (Department of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Czech

    (Department of Econometrics and Statistics, Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Łukasz Grzęda

    (Department of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to assess changes in mobility in public transport in Poland, as a consequence of the development of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyse the problem from the country and regional (voivodeships) perspective. The data come from Google COVID19 Community Mobility Reports, the Ministry of Health of Poland, and the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. The research covers the period between 2 March and 19 July 2020. The obtained results show that there is negative but insignificant relationship between human mobility changes in public transport and the number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases in Poland. The strength and statistical significance of the correlation varies substantially across voivodeships. As far as the relationship between changes in mobility in public transport and the stringency of Polish government’s anti-COVID-19 policy is concerned, the results confirm a strong, negative and significant correlation between analysed variables at the national and regional level. Moreover, based on one factor variance analysis (ANOVA) and the Tukey’s honest significance test (Tukey’s HSD test) we indicate that there are significant differences observed regarding the changes in mobility in public transport depending on the level of stringency of anti-COVID-19 regulation policy both in Poland and all voivodeships. The results might indicate that the forced lockdown to contain the development of the COVID-19 pandemic has effectively contributed to social distancing in public transport in Poland and that government restrictions, rather than a local epidemic status, induce a greater decrease in mobility.

Suggested Citation

  • Michał Wielechowski & Katarzyna Czech & Łukasz Grzęda, 2020. "Decline in Mobility: Public Transport in Poland in the time of the COVID-19 Pandemic," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-24, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:8:y:2020:i:4:p:78-:d:421537
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    5. Katarzyna Czech & Anna Davy & Michał Wielechowski, 2021. "Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Change Human Mobility Equally Worldwide? Cross-Country Cluster Analysis," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-19, November.
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    8. Maria Cieśla & Sandra Kuśnierz & Oliwia Modrzik & Sonia Niedośpiał & Patrycja Sosna, 2021. "Scenarios for the Development of Polish Passenger Transport Services in Pandemic Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-16, September.
    9. Beck, Matthew J. & Hensher, David A. & Nelson, John D., 2021. "Public transport trends in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic: An investigation of the influence of bio-security concerns on trip behaviour," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    10. Long, Alfie & Carney, Ffion & Kandt, Jens, 2023. "Who is returning to public transport for non-work trips after COVID-19? Evidence from older citizens' smart cards in the UK's second largest city region," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    11. Vladimír Konečný & Mária Brídziková & Šimon Senko, 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 and Anti-Pandemic Measures on the Sustainability of Demand in Suburban Bus Transport. The Case of the Slovak Republic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-29, April.
    12. Marek Bauer & Kinga Bauer, 2022. "Analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Future of Public Transport: Example of Warsaw," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-22, June.
    13. Spyros Niavis & Dimitris Kallioras & George Vlontzos & Marie-Noelle Duquenne, 2021. "COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown Fine Optimality," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-26, March.
    14. Batara Surya & Hernita Hernita & Agus Salim & Seri Suriani & Iwan Perwira & Yulia Yulia & Muhlis Ruslan & Kafrawi Yunus, 2022. "Travel-Business Stagnation and SME Business Turbulence in the Tourism Sector in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-37, February.
    15. Irena Lacka & Blazej Supron, 2021. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Road Freight Transport Evidence from Poland," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(Special 3), pages 319-333.
    16. Niftiyev, Ibrahim & Huseynova, Rena, 2021. "How has the Self-Perceived Health Shaped the COVID-19 Causalities in the Visegrad Countries?," EconStor Conference Papers 234511, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    17. Dong-Gyun Ku & Jung-Sik Um & Young-Ji Byon & Joo-Young Kim & Seung-Jae Lee, 2021. "Changes in Passengers’ Travel Behavior Due to COVID-19," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-16, July.
    18. Pezoa, Raúl & Basso, Franco & Quilodrán, Paulina & Varas, Mauricio, 2023. "Estimation of trip purposes in public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Santiago, Chile," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    19. Ouassim Manout & Louafi Bouzouina & Karima Kourtit & Peter Nijkamp, 2023. "On the bumpy road to recovery: resilience of public transport ridership during COVID-19 in 15 European cities," Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 1-15, December.
    20. S Srivatsa Srinivas, 2023. "To increase or to decrease the price? Managing public transport queues during COVID-19 in the presence of strategic commuters," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 275-285, March.
    21. Adam Przybylowski & Sandra Stelmak & Michal Suchanek, 2021. "Mobility Behaviour in View of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Public Transport Users in Gdansk Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, January.
    22. Corazza, Maria Vittoria & Musso, Antonio, 2021. "Urban transport policies in the time of pandemic, and after: An ARDUOUS research agenda," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 31-44.

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