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Efficacy of Chicken Litter and Wood Biochars and Their Activated Counterparts in Heavy Metal Clean up from Wastewater

Author

Listed:
  • Isabel M. Lima

    (USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA)

  • Kyoung S. Ro

    (USDA, ARS, Costal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA)

  • G. B. Reddy

    (Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, 1601 E. Market St., Greensboro, NC 27411, USA)

  • Debbie L. Boykin

    (USDA, ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Research Center, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA)

  • Kjell T. Klasson

    (USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA)

Abstract

It is known that properties of activated biochars are tightly associated with those of the original feedstock as well as pyrolysis and activation conditions. This study examined two feedstock types, pine wood shavings and chicken litter, to produce biochars at two different pyrolysis temperatures and subsequently activated by steam, acid or base. In order to measure activation efficiency, all materials were characterized for their properties and ability to remediate two well-known heavy metals of concern: copper and arsenic. Base activated biochars were superior in arsenic adsorption, to acid or steam activated samples, but increase in adsorption was not significant to warrant use. For wood biochars, significant increases of surface functionality as related to oxygen bearing groups and surface charge were observed upon acid activation which led to increased copper ion adsorption. However, oxygen bearing functionalities were not sufficient to explain why chicken litter biochars and steam activated biochars appeared to be significantly superior to wood shavings in positively charged metal ion adsorption. For chicken litter, functionality of respective biochars could be related to phosphate containing groups inherited from feedstock composition, favorably positioning this feedstock in metal ion remediation applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Isabel M. Lima & Kyoung S. Ro & G. B. Reddy & Debbie L. Boykin & Kjell T. Klasson, 2015. "Efficacy of Chicken Litter and Wood Biochars and Their Activated Counterparts in Heavy Metal Clean up from Wastewater," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 5(3), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:5:y:2015:i:3:p:806-825:d:55861
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohammad I. Jahirul & Mohammad G. Rasul & Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury & Nanjappa Ashwath, 2012. "Biofuels Production through Biomass Pyrolysis —A Technological Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(12), pages 1-50, November.
    2. Oecd, 2007. "Competition and Regulation in Agriculture," OECD Journal: Competition Law and Policy, OECD Publishing, vol. 9(2), pages 93-165.
    3. Oecd, 2008. "Partnership for Development: Agriculture in Africa," OECD Papers, OECD Publishing, vol. 7(12), pages 101-123.
    4. Matovic, Darko, 2011. "Biochar as a viable carbon sequestration option: Global and Canadian perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 2011-2016.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kyoung S. Ro & Isabel M. Lima & Guidqopuram B. Reddy & Michael A. Jackson & Bin Gao, 2015. "Removing Gaseous NH 3 Using Biochar as an Adsorbent," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Ng, Wei Cheng & You, Siming & Ling, Ran & Gin, Karina Yew-Hoong & Dai, Yanjun & Wang, Chi-Hwa, 2017. "Co-gasification of woody biomass and chicken manure: Syngas production, biochar reutilization, and cost-benefit analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 732-742.
    3. Dissanayake, Pavani Dulanja & Choi, Seung Wan & Igalavithana, Avanthi Deshani & Yang, Xiao & Tsang, Daniel C.W. & Wang, Chi-Hwa & Kua, Harn Wei & Lee, Ki Bong & Ok, Yong Sik, 2020. "Sustainable gasification biochar as a high efficiency adsorbent for CO2 capture: A facile method to designer biochar fabrication," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).

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