IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/trapol/v72y2018icp208-217.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Measuring the openness of Chinese international air transport policy

Author

Listed:
  • Zhang, Yi
  • Zheng, Xingwu
  • Lu, Wei

Abstract

Based on the Standard Air Liberalization Index, developed by WTO in 2006, an improved indexing system is constructed with a new indicator of grant of O&D points, along with improvement of the variants for the indicators of grant of freedom rights, capacity, and withholding, as well as the adjustment of scores for some variants. All of China's original bilateral air service agreements (ASAs), and their amendments, by June 2016, are collected and first analyzed descriptively. The quantitative measurement results show that liberalization of China's ASAs is gradual, which is in agreement with the conclusions from the descriptive analysis. China's international air transportation has been liberalized progressively and significantly after 1992, and its degree of openness in June 2016 was three times that in 2000. Hitherto, there has been no long time series and comprehensive quantitative measurement on the liberalization of a country's international air transport policy, especially covering all ASAs and their amendments, which could help understand the development of China's policy. Furthermore, the results could form an essential dataset for further research on the impacts of liberalization of international air transportation.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Yi & Zheng, Xingwu & Lu, Wei, 2018. "Measuring the openness of Chinese international air transport policy," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 208-217.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:72:y:2018:i:c:p:208-217
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.03.014
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X17304821
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.03.014?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Roberta Piermartini & Linda Rousov?, 2013. "The Sky Is Not Flat: How Discriminatory Is the Access to International Air Services?," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 5(3), pages 287-319, August.
    2. Micco, Alejandro & Serebrisky, Tomas, 2006. "Competition regimes and air transport costs: The effects of open skies agreements," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(1), pages 25-51, September.
    3. Humphreys, Barry & Morrell, Peter, 2009. "The potential impacts of the EU/US Open Sky Agreement: What will happen at Heathrow after spring 2008," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 72-77.
    4. Baier, Scott L. & Bergstrand, Jeffrey H., 2007. "Do free trade agreements actually increase members' international trade?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 72-95, March.
    5. Lei, Zheng & Yu, Man & Chen, Ruowei & O'Connell, John F., 2016. "Liberalization of China–US air transport market: Assessing the impacts of the 2004 and 2007 protocols," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 24-32.
    6. Surovitskikh, Svetlana & Lubbe, Berendien, 2015. "The Air Liberalisation Index as a tool in measuring the impact of South Africa's aviation policy in Africa on air passenger traffic flows," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 159-166.
    7. Piermartini, Roberta & Rousová, Linda, 2008. "Liberalization of air transport services and passenger traffic," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2008-06, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
    8. Wang, James J. & Heinonen, Timo H., 2015. "Aeropolitics in East Asia: An institutional approach to air transport liberalisation," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 176-183.
    9. Button, Kenneth, 2009. "The impact of US–EU “Open Skies†agreement on airline market structures and airline networks," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 59-71.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jiaoe Wang & Haoran Yang & Han Wang, 2019. "The Evolution of China’s International Aviation Markets from a Policy Perspective on Air Passenger Flows," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-15, June.
    2. Li, Siping & Zhou, Yaoming & Kundu, Tanmoy & Zhang, Fangni, 2021. "Impact of entry restriction policies on international air transport connectivity during COVID-19 pandemic," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    3. Liu, Shaoxuan & Oum, Tae Hoon, 2018. "Prospects for air policy liberalization in China as a Result of China-ASEAN Open Skies: Changing role of Chinese mega carriers in global scene and anticipated Low Cost Carrier competition," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1-9.
    4. Wu, You & Lange, Anne & Mantin, Benny, 2022. "Who benefits from air service agreements? The case of international air cargo operations," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 281-303.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Eric Tchouamou Njoya & Panayotis Christidis, 2017. "Potential impacts of liberalisation of the EU-Africa aviation market," JRC Research Reports JRC106855, Joint Research Centre.
    2. Tolcha, Tassew Dufera & Tchouamou Njoya, Eric & Bråthen, Svein & Holmgren, Johan, 2021. "Effects of African aviation liberalisation on economic freedom, air connectivity and related economic consequences," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 204-214.
    3. Bilotkach, Volodymyr & Caro-Burnett, Johann & Khan, Ghulam Dastgir & Sembiring, Benny Lala & Yoshida, Yuichiro, 2021. "Measuring the impact of ASEAN Open Skies on international air traffic movements from and to Southeast Asian Cities," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 368-378.
    4. Tchouamou Njoya, Eric & Buhari Isah, Aliyu, 2023. "Assessing the economic impact of the single African air transport market: The case of Tanzania," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    5. Roberto Alvarez & Aldo Gonzalez & Manuel Garcia, 2017. "The Effects of Dominant Airlines on Open Skies Agreements," Working Papers wp443, University of Chile, Department of Economics.
    6. World Bank, 2009. "The Service Revolution in South Asia," World Bank Publications - Reports 19332, The World Bank Group.
    7. Anca D. Cristea & Russell Hillberry & Aaditya Mattoo, 2015. "Open Skies over the Middle East," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(11), pages 1650-1681, November.
    8. Kiyoyasu Tanaka, 2019. "Do international flights promote FDI? The role of face‐to‐face communication," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(5), pages 1609-1632, November.
    9. Katrin Oesingmann, 2022. "The determinants of air cargo flows and the role of multinational agreements: An empirical comparison with trade and air passenger flows," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(8), pages 2370-2393, August.
    10. World Bank, 2013. "Republic of Armenia : Accumulation, Competition, and Connectivity," World Bank Publications - Reports 16781, The World Bank Group.
    11. Noha S. Omar & Khalid Sekkat, 2012. "Egypt Airline Passengers Market: Competition and Performance," Working Papers 669, Economic Research Forum, revised 2012.
    12. Patricia Sourdin & Richard Pomfret, 2012. "Trade Facilitation," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 14596.
    13. Wang, Yu-Chen & Wong, Jinn-Tsai, 2019. "Exploring air network formation and development with a two-part model," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 122-131.
    14. Jaimin Lee & Seong-Hoon Cho, 2017. "Free trade agreement and transport service trade," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(7), pages 1494-1512, July.
    15. Oum, Tae Hoon & Wang, Kun & Yan, Jia, 2019. "Measuring the effects of open skies agreements on bilateral passenger flow and service export and import trades," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 1-14.
    16. Demet Yilmazkuday & Hakan Yilmazkuday, 2017. "The role of direct flights in trade costs," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 153(2), pages 249-270, May.
    17. Zhang, Shengrun & Derudder, Ben & Fuellhart, Kurt & Witlox, Frank, 2018. "Carriers’ entry patterns under EU-US open skies agreement," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 101-112.
    18. Narangajavana, Yeamduan & Garrigos-Simon, Fernando J. & García, Javier Sanchez & Forgas-Coll, Santiago, 2014. "Prices, prices and prices: A study in the airline sector," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 28-42.
    19. Njoya, Eric Tchouamou & Christidis, Panayiotis & Nikitas, Alexandros, 2018. "Understanding the impact of liberalisation in the EU-Africa aviation market," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 161-171.
    20. Abate, Megersa & Christidis, Panayotis, 2020. "The impact of air transport market liberalization: Evidence from EU's external aviation policy," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 22(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:72:y:2018:i:c:p:208-217. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/30473/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.