IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/trapol/v61y2018icp123-131.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The commercial performance of global airports

Author

Listed:
  • Fuerst, Franz
  • Gross, Sven

Abstract

Revenues from non-aeronautical business have received increasing attention from airports seeking to enhance their profitability. This study analyzes the commercial performance of global airports using a panel dataset of 75 airports in 30 countries. Applying pooled OLS, random effects and 3SLS estimation frameworks, we identify the main drivers of financial performance. Our results are in line with the existing literature. The share of international passengers, the size of the commercial area as well as airport size and the mix and intra-terminal location of retail space are found to be significant determinants. The latter finding suggests the presence of economies of scale in generating higher commercial revenue and ensuring profitability for an airport's non-aeronautical operations. Staterun and partially privatized airports appear to retain a significantly smaller share of concession sales than their privatized counterparts. Regarding the retail mix, a higher share of food and beverage outlets appears to increase the revenue share retained by the airport while a higher percentage of outlets located airside rather than landside depresses commercial revenues.

Suggested Citation

  • Fuerst, Franz & Gross, Sven, 2018. "The commercial performance of global airports," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 123-131.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:61:y:2018:i:c:p:123-131
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2017.08.005
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X16304826
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.tranpol.2017.08.005?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Forsyth, Peter, 2004. "Locational and monopoly rents at airports: creating them and shifting them," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 51-60.
    2. Fasone, Vincenzo & Kofler, Lukas & Scuderi, Raffaele, 2016. "Business performance of airports: Non-aviation revenues and their determinants," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 35-45.
    3. Reynolds-Feighan, Aisling & McLay, Peter, 2006. "Accessibility and attractiveness of European airports: A simple small community perspective," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 12(6), pages 313-323.
    4. Koster, Paul & Kroes, Eric & Verhoef, Erik, 2011. "Travel time variability and airport accessibility," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 45(10), pages 1545-1559.
    5. Paul Freathy & FRANK O'CONNELL, 1999. "A Typology of European Airport Retailing," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(3), pages 119-134, July.
    6. Evangelinos, Christos & Püschel, Ronny & Goldhahn, Susan, 2011. "Inverting the regulatory rules? Optimizing airport regulation to account for commercial revenues," Discussion Papers 1/2011, Technische Universität Dresden, "Friedrich List" Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences, Institute of Transport and Economics.
    7. Castillo-Manzano, José I., 2010. "Determinants of commercial revenues at airports: Lessons learned from Spanish regional airports," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 788-796.
    8. Kratzsch, Uwe & Sieg, Gernot, 2011. "Non-aviation revenues and their implications for airport regulation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 47(5), pages 755-763, September.
    9. Germà Bel & Xavier Fageda, 2009. "Privatization, Regulation And Airport Pricing: An Empirical Analysis For Europe," RSCAS Working Papers 2009/27, European University Institute.
    10. M. Geuens & D. Vantomme & M. Brengman, 2003. "Developing a typology of airport shoppers," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 03/206, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    11. Tovar, Beatriz & Martín-Cejas, Roberto Rendeiro, 2009. "Are outsourcing and non-aeronautical revenues important drivers in the efficiency of Spanish airports?," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 15(5), pages 217-220.
    12. Marco Kouwenhoven, 2008. "The Role of Accessibility in Passengers' Choice of Airports," OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers 2008/14, OECD Publishing.
    13. Fuerst, Franz & Gross, Sven & Klose, Ulf, 2011. "The sky is the limit? The determinants and constraints of European airports commercial revenues," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 17(5), pages 278-283.
    14. Adler, Nicole & Forsyth, Peter & Mueller, Juergen & Niemeier, Hans-Martin, 2015. "An economic assessment of airport incentive regulation," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 5-15.
    15. Stephen J. Appold & John D. Kasarda, 2013. "The Airport City Phenomenon: Evidence from Large US Airports," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 50(6), pages 1239-1259, May.
    16. Van Dender, Kurt, 2007. "Determinants of fares and operating revenues at US airports," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 317-336, September.
    17. Torres, E. & Domínguez, J.S. & Valdés, L. & Aza, R., 2005. "Passenger waiting time in an airport and expenditure carried out in the commercial area," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 11(6), pages 363-367.
    18. Lu, Jin-Long, 2014. "Investigating factors that influence passengers' shopping intentions at airports – Evidence from Taiwan," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 72-77.
    19. Pels, Eric & Nijkamp, Peter & Rietveld, Piet, 2003. "Inefficiencies and scale economies of European airport operations," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 341-361, September.
    20. Zhang, Anming & Zhang, Yimin, 2010. "Airport capacity and congestion pricing with both aeronautical and commercial operations," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 404-413, March.
    21. Giesberts, Ludger, 2014. "`Managing Airports: An International Perspective` by Anne Graham," Journal of Airport Management, Henry Stewart Publications, vol. 8(2), pages 189-190, March.
    22. Del Chiappa, Giacomo & Martin, Juan Carlos & Roman, Concepcion, 2016. "Service quality of airports' food and beverage retailers. A fuzzy approach," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 105-113.
    23. Appold, Stephen J. & Kasarda, John D., 2006. "The appropriate scale of US airport retail activities," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 12(6), pages 277-287.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kidokoro, Yukihiro & Zhang, Anming, 2022. "Airport cities and social welfare," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 187-209.
    2. Myung Je Lee & Changhee Kim, 2018. "A network DEA aeronautical and non-aeronautical production model: an application to South Korea airports," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 7(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Zhou, Yaoming & Kundu, Tanmoy & Goh, Mark & Chakraborty, Shankar & Bai, Xiwen, 2023. "A multi-stage multi-criteria data analytics approach to rank commercial service airports," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    4. Choi, Jong Hae & Park, Yonghwa & Wang, Kun & Xia, Wenyi, 2020. "Whether low-cost-carrier passengers spend more on duty-free goods at the airport? Evidence from Incheon International Airport," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    5. Graham, Prof Anne, 2020. "Airport privatisation: A successful journey?," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    6. Choi, Jong Hae & Park, Yonghwa, 2022. "Exploring passenger and flight characteristics' impacts on airport retail income: Evidence from Incheon International Airport," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    7. Lin, Yi-Hsin & Wu, Hanjun & He, Hang & Tsui, Kan Wai Hong, 2023. "Changes in perceptions of airport services’ attributes: An assessment of the impacts of COVID-19," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 116-128.
    8. Choi, Jong Hae, 2021. "Changes in airport operating procedures and implications for airport strategies post-COVID-19," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    9. Silva, Lenice Mirian da & Borille, Giovanna Miceli Ronzani & Bandeira, Michelle Carvalho Galvão da Silva Pinto, 2022. "The effect of arrival time of travelers at the airport on consumption in commercial establishments," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    10. Choo, Yap Yin & Corbo, Leonardo & Wang, Kun, 2018. "Joint impact of airline market structure and airport ownership on airport market power and profit margin," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 67-78.
    11. Wu, Hanjun & Tsui, Kan Wai Hong, 2020. "Does a reward program affect customers’ behavioural intention of visiting the airport? A case study of Singapore Changi Airport," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wu, Hanjun & Tsui, Kan Wai Hong, 2020. "Does a reward program affect customers’ behavioural intention of visiting the airport? A case study of Singapore Changi Airport," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    2. Silva, João & Kalakou, Sofia & Andrade, Antonio R., 2023. "Maximizing non-aeronautical revenues in airport terminals using gate assignment and passenger behaviour modelling," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    3. Choi, Jong Hae, 2021. "Changes in airport operating procedures and implications for airport strategies post-COVID-19," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    4. Castillo-Manzano, José I. & López-Valpuesta, Lourdes & Sánchez-Braza, Antonio, 2018. "When the mall is in the airport: Measuring the effect of the airport mall on passengers’ consumer behavior," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 32-38.
    5. Choi, Jong Hae & Park, Yonghwa, 2022. "Exploring passenger and flight characteristics' impacts on airport retail income: Evidence from Incheon International Airport," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    6. Fasone, Vincenzo & Kofler, Lukas & Scuderi, Raffaele, 2016. "Business performance of airports: Non-aviation revenues and their determinants," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 35-45.
    7. Choi, Jong Hae & Park, Yonghwa & Wang, Kun & Xia, Wenyi, 2020. "Whether low-cost-carrier passengers spend more on duty-free goods at the airport? Evidence from Incheon International Airport," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    8. Tavalaei, M. Mahdi, 2020. "Waiting time in two-sided platforms: The case of the airport industry," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    9. Lu, Jin-Long, 2014. "Investigating factors that influence passengers' shopping intentions at airports – Evidence from Taiwan," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 72-77.
    10. Del Chiappa, Giacomo & Martin, Juan Carlos & Roman, Concepcion, 2016. "Service quality of airports' food and beverage retailers. A fuzzy approach," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 105-113.
    11. Chung, Yi-Shih & Ku, Ya-Han, 2023. "Effect of time stress and store visibility on the dynamics of passenger activity choices at airport terminals based on indoor trajectory data," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    12. Chen, Yanhong & Liu, Luning & Zheng, Dequan & Li, Bin, 2023. "Estimating travellers’ value when purchasing auxiliary services in the airline industry based on the RFM model," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    13. Tiziana D'Alfonso & Valentina Bracaglia & Yulai Wan, 2015. "Airport cities and multiproduct pricing," DIAG Technical Reports 2015-14, Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Universita' degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza".
    14. Fernández, Xosé Luis & Coto-Millán, Pablo & Díaz-Medina, Benito, 2018. "The impact of tourism on airport efficiency: The Spanish case," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 52-58.
    15. Gurtner, Gérald & Cook, Andrew & Graham, Anne & Cristóbal, Samuel, 2018. "The economic value of additional airport departure capacity," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1-14.
    16. Tomová, Anna, 2016. "Are commercial revenues important to today's European air navigation service providers?," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 80-87.
    17. Zuidberg, Joost, 2017. "Exploring the determinants for airport profitability: Traffic characteristics, low-cost carriers, seasonality and cost efficiency," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 61-72.
    18. Fuerst, Franz & Gross, Sven & Klose, Ulf, 2011. "The sky is the limit? The determinants and constraints of European airports commercial revenues," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 17(5), pages 278-283.
    19. Abbruzzo, Antonino & Fasone, Vincenzo & Scuderi, Raffaele, 2016. "Operational and financial performance of Italian airport companies: A dynamic graphical model," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 231-237.
    20. Czerny, Achim I., 2013. "Public versus private airport behavior when concession revenues exist," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 2(1), pages 38-46.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:61:y:2018:i:c:p:123-131. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/30473/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.