IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/transe/v165y2022ics1366554522002460.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Optimal deployment of autonomous buses into a transit service network

Author

Listed:
  • Tian, Qingyun
  • Wang, David Z.W.
  • Lin, Yun Hui

Abstract

Autonomous vehicles empowered by emerging automation technologies are highly anticipated to be introduced into public transit service operations in the future mobility system. Considering the low acceptance rate of the new service with autonomous buses when it is initially put into practice, it is not ideal to make a “one-off” deployment to replace all the service lines with autonomous bus services. Rather, the service operator is to determine an optimal plan for the deployment of autonomous buses onto different service lines in multiple stages. This paper proposes a multi-stage mathematical modeling framework to optimize the deployment strategy in which conventional buses are sequentially replaced by autonomous buses. More specifically, the model decides when (at which planning stage) and where (on which service line in the network) the deployment of autonomous buses should be conducted. Passengers’ acceptance attitudes towards autonomous buses are explicitly considered in their transit routing choices. To forecast the evolution of the passengers’ adoption rate of the autonomous bus service, a diffusion model is applied. The proposed multi-stage planning model framework, which is indeed a mixed-integer nonlinear program, is to determine the optimal deployment strategy that minimizes the total travel cost during the planning horizon. A two-phase solution method that combines a searching algorithm and a double projection method is proposed to solve the model. Finally, numerical studies are conducted to test the validity of the modeling framework and solution method. The impacts of passengers’ adoption rate and other parameters on the deployment strategy are illustrated.

Suggested Citation

  • Tian, Qingyun & Wang, David Z.W. & Lin, Yun Hui, 2022. "Optimal deployment of autonomous buses into a transit service network," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transe:v:165:y:2022:i:c:s1366554522002460
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2022.102865
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1366554522002460
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.tre.2022.102865?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chen, Zhiwei & Li, Xiaopeng & Zhou, Xuesong, 2020. "Operational design for shuttle systems with modular vehicles under oversaturated traffic: Continuous modeling method," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 76-100.
    2. Yang, Hai & Meng, Qiang, 2001. "Modeling user adoption of advanced traveler information systems: dynamic evolution and stationary equilibrium," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 35(10), pages 895-912, December.
    3. Regis, Rommel G. & Shoemaker, Christine A., 2007. "Parallel radial basis function methods for the global optimization of expensive functions," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 182(2), pages 514-535, October.
    4. Liu, Haoxiang & Wang, David Z.W., 2017. "Locating multiple types of charging facilities for battery electric vehicles," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 30-55.
    5. Szeto, W.Y. & Jiang, Y., 2014. "Transit route and frequency design: Bi-level modeling and hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm approach," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 235-263.
    6. Lam, W. H. K. & Gao, Z. Y. & Chan, K. S. & Yang, H., 1999. "A stochastic user equilibrium assignment model for congested transit networks," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 351-368, June.
    7. Joaquín de Cea & Enrique Fernández, 1993. "Transit Assignment for Congested Public Transport Systems: An Equilibrium Model," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 27(2), pages 133-147, May.
    8. Tian, Qingyun & Wang, David Z.W. & Lin, Yun Hui, 2021. "Service operation design in a transit network with congested common lines," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 81-102.
    9. Chen, Zhiwei & Li, Xiaopeng & Zhou, Xuesong, 2019. "Operational design for shuttle systems with modular vehicles under oversaturated traffic: Discrete modeling method," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 1-19.
    10. Liu, Haoxiang & Zou, Yuncheng & Chen, Ya & Long, Jiancheng, 2021. "Optimal locations and electricity prices for dynamic wireless charging links of electric vehicles for sustainable transportation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    11. Gao, Ziyou & Sun, Huijun & Shan, Lian Long, 2004. "A continuous equilibrium network design model and algorithm for transit systems," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 235-250, March.
    12. Zhengfeng Huang & Gang Ren & Haixu Liu, 2013. "Optimizing Bus Frequencies under Uncertain Demand: Case Study of the Transit Network in a Developing City," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2013, pages 1-10, May.
    13. Roberto Cominetti & José Correa, 2001. "Common-Lines and Passenger Assignment in Congested Transit Networks," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 35(3), pages 250-267, August.
    14. Chen, Zhiwei & Li, Xiaopeng, 2021. "Designing corridor systems with modular autonomous vehicles enabling station-wise docking: Discrete modeling method," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    15. Liu, Xiaohan & Qu, Xiaobo & Ma, Xiaolei, 2021. "Improving flex-route transit services with modular autonomous vehicles," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    16. Xiaoxia Dong & Matthew DiScenna & Erick Guerra, 2019. "Transit user perceptions of driverless buses," Transportation, Springer, vol. 46(1), pages 35-50, February.
    17. Hatzenbühler, Jonas & Cats, Oded & Jenelius, Erik, 2020. "Transitioning towards the deployment of line-based autonomous buses: Consequences for service frequency and vehicle capacity," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 491-507.
    18. Michael Florian & Heinz Spiess, 1983. "On Binary Mode Choice/Assignment Models," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 17(1), pages 32-47, February.
    19. Chen, Anthony & Lo, Hong K. & Yang, Hai, 2001. "A self-adaptive projection and contraction algorithm for the traffic assignment problem with path-specific costs," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 135(1), pages 27-41, November.
    20. Rommel G. Regis & Christine A. Shoemaker, 2007. "A Stochastic Radial Basis Function Method for the Global Optimization of Expensive Functions," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 19(4), pages 497-509, November.
    21. Xu, Zhandong & Xie, Jun & Liu, Xiaobo & Nie, Yu (Marco), 2020. "Hyperpath-based algorithms for the transit equilibrium assignment problem," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    22. Sun, S. & Szeto, W.Y., 2018. "Logit-based transit assignment: Approach-based formulation and paradox revisit," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 191-215.
    23. Aggelos Soteropoulos & Martin Berger & Francesco Ciari, 2019. "Impacts of automated vehicles on travel behaviour and land use: an international review of modelling studies," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(1), pages 29-49, January.
    24. Salonen, Arto O., 2018. "Passenger's subjective traffic safety, in-vehicle security and emergency management in the driverless shuttle bus in Finland," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 106-110.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tian, Qingyun & Wang, David Z.W. & Lin, Yun Hui, 2021. "Service operation design in a transit network with congested common lines," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 81-102.
    2. Li, Guoyuan & Chen, Anthony, 2023. "Strategy-based transit stochastic user equilibrium model with capacity and number-of-transfers constraints," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 305(1), pages 164-183.
    3. Du, Muqing & Chen, Anthony, 2022. "Sensitivity analysis for transit equilibrium assignment and applications to uncertainty analysis," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 175-202.
    4. Ren, Hualing & Song, Yingjie & Long, Jiancheng & Si, Bingfeng, 2021. "A new transit assignment model based on line and node strategies," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 121-142.
    5. Yuan Liu & Heshan Zhang & Tao Xu & Yaping Chen, 2022. "A Heuristic Algorithm Based on Travel Demand for Transit Network Design," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-17, September.
    6. Liu, Haoxiang & Szeto, W.Y. & Long, Jiancheng, 2019. "Bike network design problem with a path-size logit-based equilibrium constraint: Formulation, global optimization, and matheuristic," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 284-307.
    7. Qingyun Tian & Yun Hui Lin & David Z. W. Wang, 2021. "Autonomous and conventional bus fleet optimization for fixed-route operations considering demand uncertainty," Transportation, Springer, vol. 48(5), pages 2735-2763, October.
    8. Canca, David & Andrade-Pineda, José Luis & De los Santos, Alicia & Calle, Marcos, 2018. "The Railway Rapid Transit frequency setting problem with speed-dependent operation costs," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 117(PA), pages 494-519.
    9. Sun, S. & Szeto, W.Y., 2019. "Optimal sectional fare and frequency settings for transit networks with elastic demand," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 147-177.
    10. Javier Durán-Micco & Pieter Vansteenwegen, 2022. "A survey on the transit network design and frequency setting problem," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 155-190, March.
    11. Gong, Manlin & Hu, Yucong & Chen, Zhiwei & Li, Xiaopeng, 2021. "Transfer-based customized modular bus system design with passenger-route assignment optimization," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    12. Xu, Zhandong & Xie, Jun & Liu, Xiaobo & Nie, Yu (Marco), 2020. "Hyperpath-based algorithms for the transit equilibrium assignment problem," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    13. Li, Guoyuan & Chen, Anthony, 2022. "Frequency-based path flow estimator for transit origin-destination trip matrices incorporating automatic passenger count and automatic fare collection data," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    14. Cancela, Héctor & Mauttone, Antonio & Urquhart, María E., 2015. "Mathematical programming formulations for transit network design," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 17-37.
    15. Wang, Yu & Liu, Haoxiang & Fan, Yinchao & Ding, Jianxun & Long, Jiancheng, 2022. "Large-scale multimodal transportation network models and algorithms-Part II: Network capacity and network design problem," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    16. Szeto, W.Y. & Jiang, Y., 2014. "Transit route and frequency design: Bi-level modeling and hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm approach," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 235-263.
    17. Kumar, Pramesh & Khani, Alireza, 2022. "Planning of integrated mobility-on-demand and urban transit networks," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 499-521.
    18. Kuo, Yong-Hong & Leung, Janny M.Y. & Yan, Yimo, 2023. "Public transport for smart cities: Recent innovations and future challenges," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 306(3), pages 1001-1026.
    19. Kenetsu Uchida & Agachai Sumalee & David Watling & Richard Connors, 2007. "A Study on Network Design Problems for Multi-modal Networks by Probit-based Stochastic User Equilibrium," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 213-240, September.
    20. Jiang, Y. & Szeto, W.Y., 2016. "Reliability-based stochastic transit assignment: Formulations and capacity paradox," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 93(PA), pages 181-206.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:transe:v:165:y:2022:i:c:s1366554522002460. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600244/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.