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Comparative stigma of HIV/AIDS, SARS, and Tuberculosis in Hong Kong

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  • Mak, Winnie W.S.
  • Mo, Phoenix K.H.
  • Cheung, Rebecca Y.M.
  • Woo, Jean
  • Cheung, Fanny M.
  • Lee, Dominic

Abstract

This study compares public stigma towards three types of infectious diseases-- human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and tuberculosis (TB)--tests an attribution model of stigma, and explores the relationships between stigma and public attitudes towards government policies in Hong Kong. Using a population-based telephone survey, 3011 Hong Kong Chinese adults were randomly assigned to one of the three disease conditions and were interviewed about their attitudes and beliefs towards the assigned disease. Findings showed that public stigma was the highest towards HIV/AIDS, followed by TB and SARS. Using multi-sample model structural equation modeling, we found that the attributions of controllability, personal responsibility, and blame were applicable in explaining stigma across three disease types. Knowledge about the disease had no significant effect on stigma. Participants with less stigmatizing views had significantly more favorable attitudes towards government policies related to the diseases. The study is an important attempt in understanding the attributional mechanisms of stigma towards infectious diseases. Implications for stigma reduction and promotion of public awareness and disease prevention are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Mak, Winnie W.S. & Mo, Phoenix K.H. & Cheung, Rebecca Y.M. & Woo, Jean & Cheung, Fanny M. & Lee, Dominic, 2006. "Comparative stigma of HIV/AIDS, SARS, and Tuberculosis in Hong Kong," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(7), pages 1912-1922, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:63:y:2006:i:7:p:1912-1922
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    Cited by:

    1. Yang, Lawrence Hsin & Kleinman, Arthur, 2008. "'Face' and the embodiment of stigma in China: The cases of schizophrenia and AIDS," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(3), pages 398-408, August.
    2. Clair, Matthew & Daniel, Caitlin & Lamont, Michèle, 2016. "Destigmatization and health: Cultural constructions and the long-term reduction of stigma," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 223-232.
    3. Nepal, Binod, 2007. "AIDS denial in Asia: Dimensions and roots," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(2-3), pages 133-141, December.
    4. Duan, Wenjie & Bu, He & Chen, Zheng, 2020. "COVID-19-related stigma profiles and risk factors among people who are at high risk of contagion," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    5. Hannah Farrimond, 2023. "Stigma Mutation: Tracking Lineage, Variation and Strength in Emerging COVID-19 Stigma," Sociological Research Online, , vol. 28(1), pages 171-188, March.
    6. Randolph C. H. Chan & Don Operario & Winnie W. S. Mak, 2020. "Effects of HIV-Related Discrimination on Psychosocial Syndemics and Sexual Risk Behavior among People Living with HIV," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-15, March.
    7. Valerie Møller & Ida Erstad & Dalinyebo Zani, 2010. "Drinking, Smoking, and Morality: Do ‘Drinkers and Smokers’ Constitute a Stigmatised Stereotype or a Real TB Risk Factor in the Time of HIV/AIDS?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 98(2), pages 217-238, September.
    8. Seonwoo Kang & Jungsuk Kang, 2022. "Age Differences in Psychological Antecedents and Behavioral Consequences of Stigmatization Associated with COVID-19 among Koreans," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-15, July.
    9. Yiu, Jessie W. & Mak, Winnie W.S. & Ho, Winnie S. & Chui, Ying Yu, 2010. "Effectiveness of a knowledge-contact program in improving nursing students' attitudes and emotional competence in serving people living with HIV/AIDS," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 38-44, July.
    10. Daftary, Amrita, 2012. "HIV and tuberculosis: The construction and management of double stigma," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 74(10), pages 1512-1519.
    11. Han, Xi & Li, Bei & Qu, Jiabin & Zhu, Qinghua, 2018. "Weibo friends with benefits for people live with HIV/AIDS? The implications of Weibo use for enacted social support, perceived social support and health outcomes," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 157-163.
    12. Mak, Winnie W.S. & Mo, Phoenix K.H. & Ma, Gloria Y.K. & Lam, Maggie Y.Y., 2017. "Meta-analysis and systematic review of studies on the effectiveness of HIV stigma reduction programs," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 30-40.
    13. Weilun Ju & Shahrul Nazmi Sannusi & Emma Mohamad, 2023. "Stigmatizing Monkeypox and COVID-19: A Comparative Framing Study of The Washington Post ’s Online News," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-20, February.

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