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5-Na/ZnO doped mesoporous silica as reusable solid catalyst for biodiesel production via transesterification of virgin cottonseed oil

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  • Malhotra, Rashi
  • Ali, Amjad

Abstract

5-Na/ZnO loaded SBA-15 has been prepared by one-pot method in atmospheric conditions (without employing hydrothermal treatment) and following wet impregnation method. The prepared catalyst was characterised by using several techniques viz., BET method for determination of surface area, FE-SEM for morphology of catalyst, XPS study to determine the oxidation state of constituent elements. The catalyst was utilised for transesterification from virgin cotton seed oil and the catalyst activity was dependant on its basic strength. Under optimal reaction conditions of catalyst amount 12 wt%, methanol to oil molar ratio of 24:1 at reaction temperature of 65 °C, the prepared catalyst yielded > 98% fatty acid methyl ester in 4 h of reaction duration. The catalyst was able to yield conversion level as good as ∼74% even in 5th cycle after regeneration. Leaching of < 5 ppm metal content was observed, in 4th and 5th cycle, which was within the ASTM specified limitations. The thermodynamic parameters for the reaction, viz., activation energy Ea, ΔH‡, ΔS‡, ΔG‡ were calculated as 77.3 kJ mol−1, 74.2 kJ mol−1, -0.064 kJ mol−1 and, + 93.2 kJ mol−1 respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Malhotra, Rashi & Ali, Amjad, 2019. "5-Na/ZnO doped mesoporous silica as reusable solid catalyst for biodiesel production via transesterification of virgin cottonseed oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 606-619.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:133:y:2019:i:c:p:606-619
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.10.055
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kaur, Mandeep & Malhotra, Rashi & Ali, Amjad, 2018. "Tungsten supported Ti/SiO2 nanoflowers as reusable heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 109-119.
    2. Meher, L.C. & Vidya Sagar, D. & Naik, S.N., 2006. "Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification--a review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 248-268, June.
    3. Srivastava, Anjana & Prasad, Ram, 2000. "Triglycerides-based diesel fuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 111-133, June.
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