IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/phsmap/v387y2008i23p5901-5909.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Experiment and multi-grid modeling of evacuation from a classroom

Author

Listed:
  • Zhang, Jun
  • Song, Weiguo
  • Xu, Xuan

Abstract

The evacuation process of students from a classroom is investigated by both experiment and modeling. We investigate the video record of the pedestrian movement in the classroom, and find some typical characteristics of the evacuation, including variable velocity, dislocable queuing, monopolizing exit and so on. Based on the experimental observation, we improve the multi-grid model by considering the pre-movement time of each pedestrian, adopting variable velocity and using a new update procedure. With the improved multi-grid model, we simulate the evacuation process and compare the simulation results with the experimental results, and find that they agree with each other closely. In order to analyze the uncertainty of evacuation, we investigate the influences of the pre-movement time and its distribution on the evacuation. It is found that the evacuation times exhibit a (truncated) normal distribution and vary within a region of about 30% of the mean value. An interesting phenomenon is that the evacuation time of the egress experiment is close to the minimum value calculated with the model, due to the coordination among pedestrians during the experiment. The study may be useful in developing applicable egress models and understanding the basic egress behaviors.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Jun & Song, Weiguo & Xu, Xuan, 2008. "Experiment and multi-grid modeling of evacuation from a classroom," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 387(23), pages 5901-5909.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:387:y:2008:i:23:p:5901-5909
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2008.06.030
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037843710800575X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only. Journal offers the option of making the article available online on Science direct for a fee of $3,000
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.physa.2008.06.030?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dirk Helbing & Illés Farkas & Tamás Vicsek, 2000. "Simulating dynamical features of escape panic," Nature, Nature, vol. 407(6803), pages 487-490, September.
    2. Tajima, Yusuke & Takimoto, Kouhei & Nagatani, Takashi, 2002. "Pattern formation and jamming transition in pedestrian counter flow," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 313(3), pages 709-723.
    3. Muramatsu, Masakuni & Nagatani, Takashi, 2000. "Jamming transition of pedestrian traffic at a crossing with open boundaries," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 286(1), pages 377-390.
    4. Weng, W.G. & Pan, L.L. & Shen, S.F. & Yuan, H.Y., 2007. "Small-grid analysis of discrete model for evacuation from a hall," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 374(2), pages 821-826.
    5. Tajima, Yusuke & Takimoto, Kouhei & Nagatani, Takashi, 2001. "Scaling of pedestrian channel flow with a bottleneck," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 294(1), pages 257-268.
    6. Nagai, Ryoichi & Fukamachi, Masahiro & Nagatani, Takashi, 2006. "Evacuation of crawlers and walkers from corridor through an exit," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 367(C), pages 449-460.
    7. Kirchner, Ansgar & Schadschneider, Andreas, 2002. "Simulation of evacuation processes using a bionics-inspired cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 312(1), pages 260-276.
    8. Nagai, Ryoichi & Fukamachi, Masahiro & Nagatani, Takashi, 2005. "Experiment and simulation for counterflow of people going on all fours," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 358(2), pages 516-528.
    9. Song, Weiguo & Xu, Xuan & Wang, Bing-Hong & Ni, Shunjiang, 2006. "Simulation of evacuation processes using a multi-grid model for pedestrian dynamics," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 363(2), pages 492-500.
    10. Muramatsu, Masakuni & Irie, Tunemasa & Nagatani, Takashi, 1999. "Jamming transition in pedestrian counter flow," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 267(3), pages 487-498.
    11. Takimoto, Kouhei & Tajima, Yusuke & Nagatani, Takashi, 2002. "Effect of partition line on jamming transition in pedestrian counter flow," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 308(1), pages 460-470.
    12. Tajima, Yusuke & Nagatani, Takashi, 2001. "Scaling behavior of crowd flow outside a hall," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 292(1), pages 545-554.
    13. Nagatani, Takashi, 2001. "Dynamical transition and scaling in a mean-field model of pedestrian flow at a bottleneck," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 300(3), pages 558-566.
    14. Muramatsu, Masakuni & Nagatani, Takashi, 2000. "Jamming transition in two-dimensional pedestrian traffic," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 275(1), pages 281-291.
    15. Isobe, Motoshige & Adachi, Taku & Nagatani, Takashi, 2004. "Experiment and simulation of pedestrian counter flow," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 336(3), pages 638-650.
    16. Itoh, Taira & Nagatani, Takashi, 2002. "Optimal admission time for shifting the audience," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 313(3), pages 695-708.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lei, Wenjun & Li, Angui & Gao, Ran & Zhou, Ning & Mei, Sen & Tian, Zhenguo, 2012. "Experimental study and numerical simulation of evacuation from a dormitory," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 391(21), pages 5189-5196.
    2. Song, Weiguo & Xu, Xuan & Wang, Bing-Hong & Ni, Shunjiang, 2006. "Simulation of evacuation processes using a multi-grid model for pedestrian dynamics," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 363(2), pages 492-500.
    3. Yue, Hao & Guan, Hongzhi & Zhang, Juan & Shao, Chunfu, 2010. "Study on bi-direction pedestrian flow using cellular automata simulation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 389(3), pages 527-539.
    4. Haghani, Milad, 2021. "The knowledge domain of crowd dynamics: Anatomy of the field, pioneering studies, temporal trends, influential entities and outside-domain impact," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 580(C).
    5. Varas, A. & Cornejo, M.D. & Mainemer, D. & Toledo, B. & Rogan, J. & Muñoz, V. & Valdivia, J.A., 2007. "Cellular automaton model for evacuation process with obstacles," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 382(2), pages 631-642.
    6. Fang, Zhi-Ming & Song, Wei-Guo & Liu, Xuan & Lv, Wei & Ma, Jian & Xiao, Xia, 2012. "A continuous distance model (CDM) for the single-file pedestrian movement considering step frequency and length," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 391(1), pages 307-316.
    7. Zhang, Xinwei & Zhang, Peihong & Zhong, Maohua, 2021. "A dual adaptive cellular automaton model based on a composite field and pedestrian heterogeneity," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 583(C).
    8. Guo, Xiwei & Chen, Jianqiao & You, Suozhu & Wei, Junhong, 2013. "Modeling of pedestrian evacuation under fire emergency based on an extended heterogeneous lattice gas model," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 392(9), pages 1994-2006.
    9. Jin, Cheng-Jie & Jiang, Rui & Wei, Wei & Li, Dawei & Guo, Ning, 2018. "Microscopic events under high-density condition in uni-directional pedestrian flow experiment," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 506(C), pages 237-247.
    10. Flötteröd, Gunnar & Lämmel, Gregor, 2015. "Bidirectional pedestrian fundamental diagram," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 194-212.
    11. Fang, Zhiming & Song, Weiguo & Zhang, Jun & Wu, Hao, 2010. "Experiment and modeling of exit-selecting behaviors during a building evacuation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 389(4), pages 815-824.
    12. Miyagawa, Daiki & Ichinose, Genki, 2020. "Cellular automaton model with turning behavior in crowd evacuation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 549(C).
    13. Wang, Li & Liu, Mao & Meng, Bo, 2013. "Incorporating topography in a cellular automata model to simulate residents evacuation in a mountain area in China," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 392(3), pages 520-528.
    14. Guo, Ren-Yong, 2014. "New insights into discretization effects in cellular automata models for pedestrian evacuation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 400(C), pages 1-11.
    15. Ma, Jian & Song, Wei-guo & Zhang, Jun & Lo, Siu-ming & Liao, Guang-xuan, 2010. "k-Nearest-Neighbor interaction induced self-organized pedestrian counter flow," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 389(10), pages 2101-2117.
    16. Liu, Xuan & Song, Weiguo & Zhang, Jun, 2009. "Extraction and quantitative analysis of microscopic evacuation characteristics based on digital image processing," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 388(13), pages 2717-2726.
    17. Sun, Yi, 2019. "Simulations of bi-direction pedestrian flow using kinetic Monte Carlo methods," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 524(C), pages 519-531.
    18. Sun, Yi, 2020. "Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of bi-direction pedestrian flow with different walk speeds," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 549(C).
    19. Liu, Shaobo & Yang, Lizhong & Fang, Tingyong & Li, Jian, 2009. "Evacuation from a classroom considering the occupant density around exits," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 388(9), pages 1921-1928.
    20. Fang, Jun & Qin, Zheng & Hu, Hao & Xu, Zhaohui & Li, Huan, 2012. "The fundamental diagram of pedestrian model with slow reaction," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 391(23), pages 6112-6120.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:387:y:2008:i:23:p:5901-5909. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/physica-a-statistical-mechpplications/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.