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The impact of urban development on aquifers in large coastal cities of West Africa: Present status and future challenges

Author

Listed:
  • Nlend, B.
  • Celle-Jeanton, H.
  • Huneau, F.
  • Ketchemen-Tandia, B.
  • Fantong, W.Y.
  • Boum-Nkot, S. Ngo
  • Etame, J.

Abstract

This paper investigates the coastal cities of Abidjan, Cotonou, Lagos and Douala in West Africa. Published data on these areas were aggregated in order to compare the urban development of some African huge cities and assess their impacts on groundwater. Those urban centers have experienced an exponential demographic expansion since the 1950s, with increased population densities and a geographical coverage expansion as well. The Continental Terminal aquifer, major groundwater resource taped in this region by the national water companies and local populations, shows a continuous downward trend in piezometric levels. Concerning water quality, the evolution up to the current state (saline intrusion, nitrate pollution) and the natural geochemical process (dilution, redox reactions) affecting the aquifer have been highlighted. The results confirm the urgent need to consider groundwater development relatively to demographic and economic growth. Some management approaches have been proposed including monitoring of contamination, protection of the resource and the use of shallow large-diameter wells, which have proved to be less saline and more sustainable than deeper small-diameter boreholes. The results and discussion of this paper have provided a considerable new insight of West African coastal cities. This will help stakeholders involved in local development to face the urban pressure.

Suggested Citation

  • Nlend, B. & Celle-Jeanton, H. & Huneau, F. & Ketchemen-Tandia, B. & Fantong, W.Y. & Boum-Nkot, S. Ngo & Etame, J., 2018. "The impact of urban development on aquifers in large coastal cities of West Africa: Present status and future challenges," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 352-363.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:lauspo:v:75:y:2018:i:c:p:352-363
    DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.03.007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stephen E. Silliman & Brian I. Borum & Moussa Boukari & Nicaise Yalo & Salifou Orou-Pete & Daniel McInnis & Chrstyn Fertenbaugh & Andrew D. Mullen, 2010. "Issues of Sustainability of Coastal Groundwater Resources: Benin, West Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 2(8), pages 1-24, August.
    2. Floater, Graham & Rode, Philipp & Robert, Alexis & Kennedy, Chris & Hoornweg, Dan & Slavcheva, Roxana & Godfrey, Nick, 2014. "Cities and the New Climate Economy: the transformative role of global urban growth," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 60775, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Jenkins, Rhys & Edwards, Chris, 2006. "The economic impacts of China and India on sub-Saharan Africa: Trends and prospects," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 207-225, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Damien Sinonmatohou Tiando & Shougeng Hu & Xin Fan & Muhammad Rashid Ali, 2021. "Tropical Coastal Land-Use and Land Cover Changes Impact on Ecosystem Service Value during Rapid Urbanization of Benin, West Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-16, July.
    2. Cobbing, Jude & Hiller, Bradley, 2019. "Waking a sleeping giant: Realizing the potential of groundwater in Sub-Saharan Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 597-613.

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