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Malaysia's outward FDI: The effects of market size and government policy

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  • Goh, Soo Khoon
  • Wong, Koi Nyen

Abstract

This paper extends the empirical literature of Malaysia's outward FDI (OFDI) by considering the impact of foreign market size and home international reserves using multivariate cointegration and error-correction modeling techniques. The empirical results reveal that there is a positive long-run relationship between Malaysia's OFDI and its key determinants, viz. foreign market size, real effective exchange rate, international reserves and trade openness. The main findings suggest that apart from the market-seeking incentive and the adoption of outward-oriented policies, the Malaysian government could also encourage OFDI by implementing liberal policy on capital outflows. On the basis of these findings, we draw some policy implications for the country's economic development and the internationalization of Malaysian firms in the era of globalization.

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  • Goh, Soo Khoon & Wong, Koi Nyen, 2011. "Malaysia's outward FDI: The effects of market size and government policy," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 497-510, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jpolmo:v:33:y:2011:i:3:p:497-510
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    Cited by:

    1. Estrin, Saul & Meyer, Klaus E. & Nielsen, Bo B. & Nielsen, Sabina, 2016. "Home country institutions and the internationalization of state owned enterprises: A cross-country analysis," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 51(2), pages 294-307.
    2. Nayyar, Rishika & Mukherjee, Jaydeep, 2020. "Home country impact on Outward FDI from India," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 385-400.
    3. Panthamit, Nisit & Chaiboonsri, Chukiat, 2020. "China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment in the Greater Mekong Subregion," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 35(1), pages 129-151.
    4. Mumtaz Hussain Shah & Yahya Khan, 2016. "Trade Liberalisation and FDI Inflows in Emerging Economies," Business & Economic Review, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan, vol. 8(1), pages 35-52, April.
    5. Koi Nyen Wong & Soo Khoon Goh, 2013. "Outward FDI, merchandise and services trade: evidence from Singapore," Journal of Business Economics and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(2), pages 276-291, April.
    6. Sun, Sunny Li & Peng, Mike W. & Lee, Ruby P. & Tan, Weiqiang, 2015. "Institutional open access at home and outward internationalization," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 234-246.
    7. Soo Khoon Goh & Koi Nyen Wong, 2014. "Could Inward FDI Offset the Substitution Effect of Outward FDI on Domestic Investment? Evidence from Malaysia," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2014(4), pages 413-425.
    8. Goh, Soo Khoon & Wong, Koi Nyen & Tham, Siew Yean, 2013. "Trade linkages of inward and outward FDI: Evidence from Malaysia," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 224-230.
    9. Stoian, Carmen, 2013. "Extending Dunning's Investment Development Path: The role of home country institutional determinants in explaining outward foreign direct investment," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(3), pages 615-637.
    10. Chowdhury, Mamta B, 2011. "India’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment: Closed Doors to Open Souk," MPRA Paper 32828, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. goh, sookhoon, 2012. "Could inward FDI offset the substitution effect of outward FDI on domestic investment? evidence from Malaysia," MPRA Paper 43237, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Goh, Soo Khoon & Wong, Koi Nyen & Tham, Siew Yean, 2012. "Does Outward FDI Matter in International Trade? Evidence from Malaysia," MPRA Paper 39715, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Nam, Jouahn & Bon Sesay, Joseph & Wynne, Kevin & Zhang, Ge, 2020. "Financial efficiency and accounting quality: The impact of institutional micro-factors on FDI," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 451-465.
    14. Sheeba Kapil & Puneet Kaur Dhingra, 2021. "Flagging Determinants for Indian Outbound M&A," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 11(5), pages 1-10.
    15. Khanindra Ch. Das, 2013. "Home Country Determinants of Outward FDI from Developing Countries," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 7(1), pages 93-116, February.
    16. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2018. "Effect of multilateral trade liberalization on foreign direct investment outflows amid structural economic vulnerability in developing countries," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 15-29.
    17. Al Mustofa, Muhammad Ubaidillah & Sukmana, Raditya, 2021. "The Effect of Institutional Quality on Foreign Direct Investment," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 55(3), pages 77-88.
    18. Wang, Zhebing & Zhang, Le & Han, Liyan, 2021. "Knowledge-seeking and firm international performance: Evidence from Chinese multinational enterprises," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    19. Chen, Jiyong & Liu, Yishuang & Liu, Wei, 2020. "Investment facilitation and China's outward foreign direct investment along the belt and road," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    20. Andaman, Gul & Yusop, Zulkornain & Mohd Noor, Zaleha & Kaliappan, Shivee, 2016. "Host Country-Specific Factors Causing Outwards Foreign Direct Investment from Malaysia," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 50(1), pages 67-80.
    21. Nádia Campos Pereira Bruhn & Juciara Nunes de Alcântara & Dany Flávio Tonelli & Ricardo Pereira Reis & Luiz Marcelo Antonialli, 2016. "Why Firms Invest Abroad? A Bibliometric Study on OFDI Determinants from Developing Economies," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 17(2), pages 271-302, April.
    22. Wattanadumrong, Bhagaporn & Collins, Alan & Snell, Martin C., 2014. "Taking the Thai trail: Attracting FDI via macro-level policy," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 1135-1151.
    23. Rudra P. Pradhan & Mak B. Arvin & John H. Hall, 2019. "The Nexus Between Economic Growth, Stock Market Depth, Trade Openness, And Foreign Direct Investment: The Case Of Asean Countries," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 64(03), pages 461-493, June.
    24. Lee, Kian-Tek & Hooy, Chee-Wooi & Hooy, Guat-Khim, 2012. "The value impact of international and industrial diversifications on public‐listed firms in Malaysia," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 366-380.

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