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The impact of generic reference pricing interventions in the statin market

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  • Puig-Junoy, Jaume

Abstract

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the intended and unintended impact on pharmaceutical use and sales of three public reimbursement reforms applied to the prescription of statins: a Spanish generic reference pricing system, and two competing policies introduced by the Andalusian Public Health Service.Methods This study is designed as an interrupted time series analysis with comparison series of 46 monthly drug use and sales figures from January 2001 to October 2004 for each active ingredient.Results The mean monthly saving for the year after the introduction of reference pricing was 16.7% of total lovastatin sales, representing only 1.1% of total statins sales. Mean monthly savings for the 10 months after reference pricing being applied to simvastatin were 51.8% of simvastatin sales, and 13.9% of statin sales. Over the 46 months of the study, all analysed public interventions resulted in a 2.2% average monthly decrease in statin sales in the rest of Spain and savings non-significantly different from zero in Andalusia.Conclusion RP has been effective at reducing the volume of sales growth of the off-patent statins, yet its overall impact on sales of all statins has been relatively modest.

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  • Puig-Junoy, Jaume, 2007. "The impact of generic reference pricing interventions in the statin market," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(1), pages 14-29, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:hepoli:v:84:y:2007:i:1:p:14-29
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Herr, A. & Suppliet, M., 2011. "Co-Payment Exemptions and Reference Prices: an Empirical Study of Pharmaceutical Prices in Germany," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 11/18, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    2. Mats A. Bergman & David Granlund & Niklas Rudholm, 2016. "Reforming the Swedish pharmaceuticals market: consequences for costs per defined daily dose," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 201-214, September.
    3. David Granlund & Miyase Koksal-Ayhan, 2015. "Parallel imports and a mandatory substitution reform: a kick or a muff for price competition in pharmaceuticals?," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 16(9), pages 969-983, December.
    4. Kaiser, Ulrich & Mendez, Susan J. & Rønde, Thomas & Ullrich, Hannes, 2014. "Regulation of pharmaceutical prices: Evidence from a reference price reform in Denmark," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 174-187.
    5. Kaiser, Ulrich & Méndez, Susan J., 2015. "How Do Drug Prices Respond to a Change from External to Internal Reference Pricing? Evidence from a Danish Regulatory Reform," IZA Discussion Papers 8759, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Sabine Vogler, 2019. "Fair prices for medicines? Exploring competent authorities’ and public payers’ preferences on pharmaceutical policies," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 46(3), pages 443-469, August.
    7. Joosse, Iris R. & Tordrup, David & Bero, Lisa & Mantel-Teeuwisse, Aukje K. & van den Ham, Hendrika A., 2023. "A critical review of methodologies used in pharmaceutical pricing policy analyses," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    8. Koenig, Pamina & MacGarvie, Megan, 2011. "Regulatory policy and the location of bio-pharmaceutical foreign direct investment in Europe," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(5), pages 950-965.
    9. Fiorentini, Gianluca & Bruni, Matteo Lippi & Mammi, Irene, 2022. "The same old medicine but cheaper: The impact of patent expiry on physicians’ prescribing behaviour," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 37-68.
    10. Eduardo Costa & Carolina Santos, 2022. "Pharmaceutical pricing dynamics in an internal reference pricing system: evidence from changing drugs’ reimbursements," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 23(9), pages 1497-1518, December.
    11. Sabine Vogler & Guillaume Dedet & Hanne Bak Pedersen, 2019. "Financial Burden of Prescribed Medicines Included in Outpatient Benefits Package Schemes: Comparative Analysis of Co-Payments for Reimbursable Medicines in European Countries," Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, Springer, vol. 17(6), pages 803-816, December.
    12. Boris Augurzky & Silja Göhlmann & Stefan Greß & Jürgen Wasem, 2009. "Effects of the German reference drug program on ex‐factory prices of prescription drugs: a panel data approach," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(4), pages 421-436, April.
    13. Giuseppe Carone & Christoph Schwierz & Ana Xavier, 2012. "Cost-containment policies in public pharmaceutical spending in the EU," European Economy - Economic Papers 2008 - 2015 461, Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), European Commission.
    14. David Zimmer, 2018. "Did the Demand for Crestor Shrink when Lipitor’s Patent Expired?," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 18(2), pages 139-149, June.
    15. Ivan Moreno-Torres, 2011. "What if there was a stronger pharmaceutical price competition in Spain? When regulation has a similar effect to collusion," Working Papers XREAP2011-02, Xarxa de Referència en Economia Aplicada (XREAP), revised May 2011.
    16. Ivan Moreno-Torres, 2011. "Generic drugs in Spain: price competition vs. moral hazard," Working Papers XREAP2011-04, Xarxa de Referència en Economia Aplicada (XREAP), revised May 2011.
    17. Pichetti, Sylvain & Sorasith, Christine & Sermet, Catherine, 2011. "Analysis of the impact of removing mucolytics and expectorants from the list of reimbursable drugs on prescription rates: A time-series analysis for France 1998–2010," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(2), pages 159-169.
    18. Iván Moreno-Torres & Jaume Puig-Junoy & Joan-Ramon Borrell, 2009. "Generic Entry into the Regulated Spanish Pharmaceutical Market," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 34(4), pages 373-388, June.
    19. François Bocquet & Pascal Paubel & Isabelle Fusier & Anne-Laure Cordonnier & Martine Sinègre & Claude Le Pen, 2015. "Biosimilar Versus Patented Erythropoietins: Learning from 5 Years of European and Japanese Experience," Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 47-59, February.
    20. Matteo Galizzi & Simone Ghislandi & Marisa Miraldo, 2011. "Effects of Reference Pricing in Pharmaceutical Markets," PharmacoEconomics, Springer, vol. 29(1), pages 17-33, January.
    21. Hokkanen, Joni & Kangasharju, Aki & Linnosmaa, Ismo & Valtonen, Hannu, 2012. "Generic substitution policy, prices and market structure: evidence from a quasi-experiment in Finland," Working Papers 35, VATT Institute for Economic Research.
    22. François Bocquet & Pascal Paubel & Isabelle Fusier & Anne-Laure Cordonnier & Claude Pen & Martine Sinègre, 2014. "Biosimilar Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Uptakes in the EU-5 Markets: A Descriptive Analysis," Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, Springer, vol. 12(3), pages 315-326, June.

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