IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/glofin/v51y2022ics1044028321000776.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Spreading the fear: The central role of CBOE VIX in global stock market uncertainty

Author

Listed:
  • Smales, Lee A.

Abstract

Construction of efficient portfolios is reliant on understanding the correlation between assets. If correlations change markedly during times of economic turmoil then investors are exposed to greater risk at the most inopportune time. We examine the linkages between global stock markets using measures of market uncertainty (implied volatility). Using a sample of daily changes in G7 and BRIC implied volatility measures, over a 20-year sample period, we demonstrate that uncertainty in U.S. markets plays a pivotal role in global stock market uncertainty. “Fear is spread” across markets, as heightened uncertainty in U.S. markets is transmitted across global markets. Conversely, changes in global market uncertainty do not explain changes in U.S. market uncertainty. While there is a clear increase in connectedness during crisis periods, we observe a disparity in the way that inter-dependencies change during the two major economic crises in our sample period; the GFC (2007–2009) and COVID-pandemic (2020). The additional importance of US news largely drives our results during the GFC, while the effect is spread among several countries (particularly within European markets) during COVID.

Suggested Citation

  • Smales, Lee A., 2022. "Spreading the fear: The central role of CBOE VIX in global stock market uncertainty," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:glofin:v:51:y:2022:i:c:s1044028321000776
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gfj.2021.100679
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1044028321000776
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.gfj.2021.100679?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jeff Fleming & Barbara Ostdiek & Robert E. Whaley, 1995. "Predicting stock market volatility: A new measure," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 15(3), pages 265-302, May.
    2. Nikkinen, Jussi & Sahlstrom, Petri, 2004. "International transmission of uncertainty implicit in stock index option prices," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15.
    3. Ding, Liang & Huang, Yirong & Pu, Xiaoling, 2014. "Volatility linkage across global equity markets," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 71-89.
    4. Kenourgios, Dimitris, 2014. "On financial contagion and implied market volatility," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 21-30.
    5. Smales, Lee A., 2014. "News sentiment and the investor fear gauge," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 122-130.
    6. Koutmos, Gregory & Booth, G Geoffrey, 1995. "Asymmetric volatility transmission in international stock markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 14(6), pages 747-762, December.
    7. White, Halbert, 1980. "A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 48(4), pages 817-838, May.
    8. Baele, Lieven, 2005. "Volatility Spillover Effects in European Equity Markets," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 40(2), pages 373-401, June.
    9. Geert Bekaert & Robert J. Hodrick & Xiaoyan Zhang, 2009. "International Stock Return Comovements," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 64(6), pages 2591-2626, December.
    10. Geert Bekaert & Campbell R. Harvey & Christian T. Lundblad & Stephan Siegel, 2011. "What Segments Equity Markets?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 24(12), pages 3841-3890.
    11. Eun, Cheol S. & Shim, Sangdal, 1989. "International Transmission of Stock Market Movements," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 24(2), pages 241-256, June.
    12. Yue Peng & Wing Ng, 2012. "Analysing financial contagion and asymmetric market dependence with volatility indices via copulas," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 49-74, February.
    13. Granger, C W J, 1969. "Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 37(3), pages 424-438, July.
    14. George M. von Furstenberg & Bang Nam Jeon, 1989. "International Stock Price Movements: Links and Messages," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 20(1), pages 125-180.
    15. Tavares, José, 2009. "Economic integration and the comovement of stock returns," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 103(2), pages 65-67, May.
    16. Jiang, George J. & Konstantinidi, Eirini & Skiadopoulos, George, 2012. "Volatility spillovers and the effect of news announcements," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 2260-2273.
    17. Bekaert, Geert & Harvey, Campbell R, 1995. "Time-Varying World Market Integration," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(2), pages 403-444, June.
    18. Dutta, Anupam, 2018. "Implied volatility linkages between the U.S. and emerging equity markets: A note," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 138-146.
    19. Sims, Christopher A, 1980. "Macroeconomics and Reality," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 48(1), pages 1-48, January.
    20. Heikki Lehkonen, 2015. "Stock Market Integration and the Global Financial Crisis," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 19(5), pages 2039-2094.
    21. Kearney, Colm & Lucey, Brian M., 2004. "International equity market integration: Theory, evidence and implications," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 13(5), pages 571-583.
    22. Blair, Bevan J. & Poon, Ser-Huang & Taylor, Stephen J., 2001. "Forecasting S&P 100 volatility: the incremental information content of implied volatilities and high-frequency index returns," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 105(1), pages 5-26, November.
    23. Gagnon, Louis & Karolyi, G. Andrew, 2006. "Price and Volatility Transmission across Borders," Working Paper Series 2006-5, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Oguzhan Ozcelebi & José A. Pérez‐Montiel, 2023. "Examination of the impacts of the immediate interest rate of the United States and the VIX on the Dow Jones Islamic Market Index," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 75(4), pages 1157-1180, October.
    2. Su, Chi-Wei & Yang, Shengjie & Qin, Meng & Lobonţ, Oana-Ramona, 2023. "Gold vs bitcoin: Who can resist panic in the U.S.?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    3. Szczygielski, Jan Jakub & Charteris, Ailie & Obojska, Lidia, 2023. "Do commodity markets catch a cold from stock markets? Modelling uncertainty spillovers using Google search trends and wavelet coherence," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    4. Zeitun, Rami & Rehman, Mobeen Ur & Ahmad, Nasir & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2023. "The impact of Twitter-based sentiment on US sectoral returns," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    5. Choi, Sun-Yong, 2022. "Credit risk interdependence in global financial markets: Evidence from three regions using multiple and partial wavelet approaches," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    6. Matteo Foglia & Vasilios Plakandaras & Rangan Gupta & Elie Bouri, 2023. "Multi-Layer Spillovers between Volatility and Skewness in International Stock Markets Over a Century of Data: The Role of Disaster Risks," Working Papers 202337, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
    7. Gong, Jue & Wang, Gang-Jin & Zhou, Yang & Zhu, You & Xie, Chi & Foglia, Matteo, 2023. "Spreading of cross-market volatility information: Evidence from multiplex network analysis of volatility spillovers," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    8. Ştefan Cristian Gherghina & Liliana Nicoleta Simionescu, 2023. "Exploring the asymmetric effect of COVID-19 pandemic news on the cryptocurrency market: evidence from nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag approach and frequency domain causality," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-58, December.
    9. Hiroyuki Okawa, 2023. "Markov-Regime Switches in Oil Markets: The Fear Factor Dynamics," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-20, January.
    10. Mauck, Nathan & Pruitt, Stephen & Zhang, Wenjia, 2022. "Words matter: Market responses to changes in U.S. and Chinese trade-related internet search frequency under different U.S. administrations," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Supachok Thakolsri & Yuthana Sethapramote & Komain Jiranyakul, 2016. "Implied Volatility Transmissions Between Thai and Selected Advanced Stock Markets," SAGE Open, , vol. 6(3), pages 21582440166, July.
    2. Badshah, Ihsan & Bekiros, Stelios & Lucey, Brian M. & Uddin, Gazi Salah, 2018. "Asymmetric linkages among the fear index and emerging market volatility indices," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 17-31.
    3. Niţoi, Mihai & Pochea, Maria Miruna, 2020. "Time-varying dependence in European equity markets: A contagion and investor sentiment driven analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 133-147.
    4. Mohamed El Hedi Arouri & Mondher Bellalah & Duc Khuong Nguyen, 2010. "The comovements in international stock markets: new evidence from Latin American emerging countries," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(13), pages 1323-1328.
    5. Menezes, Rui & Dionísio, Andreia & Hassani, Hossein, 2012. "On the globalization of stock markets: An application of Vector Error Correction Model, Mutual Information and Singular Spectrum Analysis to the G7 countries," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(4), pages 369-384.
    6. Gagnon, Louis & Karolyi, G. Andrew, 2009. "Information, Trading Volume, and International Stock Return Comovements: Evidence from Cross-Listed Stocks," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 44(4), pages 953-986, August.
    7. Sakemoto, Ryuta, 2018. "Co-movement between equity and bond markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 25-38.
    8. Usman M. Umer, Metin Coskun, Kasim Kiraci, 2018. "Time-varying Return and Volatility Spillover among EAGLEs Stock Markets: A Multivariate GARCH Analysis," Journal of Finance and Economics Research, Geist Science, Iqra University, Faculty of Business Administration, vol. 3(1), pages 23-42, March.
    9. Geert Bekaert & Michael Ehrmann & Marcel Fratzscher & Arnaud Mehl, 2014. "The Global Crisis and Equity Market Contagion," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 69(6), pages 2597-2649, December.
    10. Bekaert, Geert & Harvey, Campbell R. & Lundblad, Christian T. & Siegel, Stephan, 2013. "The European Union, the Euro, and equity market integration," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(3), pages 583-603.
    11. Bekaert, Geert & Mehl, Arnaud, 2019. "On the global financial market integration “swoosh” and the trilemma," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 227-245.
    12. Joseph Friedman & Yochanan Shachmurove, "undated". "Using Vector Autoregression Models to Analyze the Behavior of the European Community Stock Markets," Penn CARESS Working Papers 6c418113c19a91c029047e102, Penn Economics Department.
    13. He, Hongbo & Chen, Yiqing & Wan, Hong & Yao, Shujie, 2023. "Possibility versus feasibility: International portfolio diversification under financial liberalization," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    14. Yarovaya, Larisa & Brzeszczyński, Janusz & Goodell, John W. & Lucey, Brian & Lau, Chi Keung Marco, 2022. "Rethinking financial contagion: Information transmission mechanism during the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    15. Nikkinen, Jussi & Sahlstrom, Petri, 2004. "International transmission of uncertainty implicit in stock index option prices," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15.
    16. Äijö, Janne, 2008. "Implied volatility term structure linkages between VDAX, VSMI and VSTOXX volatility indices," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 290-302.
    17. Wagner, Alexander F. & Schrimpf, Paul & Petzev, Ivan, 2015. "Has the Pricing of Stocks Become More Global?," CEPR Discussion Papers 10966, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    18. Kim, Kyungkeun & Lee, Dongwon, 2020. "Equity market integration and portfolio rebalancing," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    19. Lewis, Karen K., 2006. "Is the International Diversification Potential Diminishing? Foreign Equity Inside and Outside the US," Working Papers 06-6, University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School, Weiss Center.
    20. Leung, Woon Sau & Mazouz, Khelifa & Chen, Jie & Wood, Geoffrey, 2018. "Organization capital, labor market flexibility, and stock returns around the world," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 150-168.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Market uncertainty; Implied volatility; VIX; Investor fear; Linkages; COVID;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:glofin:v:51:y:2022:i:c:s1044028321000776. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620162 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.