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Integration of absorption heat pumps in a Kraft pulp process for enhanced energy efficiency

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  • Costa, Andrea
  • Bakhtiari, Bahador
  • Schuster, Sebastian
  • Paris, Jean

Abstract

A preliminary feasibility study of the implementation of various absorption heat pump configurations in a Kraft pulping process has been performed. Three different cases were considered: (i) integration of a double lift heat transformer into the heat recovery circuit of the wood chips digesters to produce low pressure steam equivalent to 25% of the steam demand of the chemical pulping plant, (ii) a double effect chiller installed in the bleaching chemicals making plant to chill cooling water and produce middle pressure steam and, (iii) a heat pump installed on the steam extraction line of a turbine which, combined with the addition of a condensing unit, increases substantially the power output. The simple payback time and net present value were used to compare the three cases. Both indices are highly dependant upon steam prices. The net present value is, in all cases, positive, which indicates that the equipment is viable using the assumed cost and efficiency data in this study. Absorption heat pumps are increasingly attractive options for energy upgrading and conversion in a context of increasing energy costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Costa, Andrea & Bakhtiari, Bahador & Schuster, Sebastian & Paris, Jean, 2009. "Integration of absorption heat pumps in a Kraft pulp process for enhanced energy efficiency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 254-260.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:34:y:2009:i:3:p:254-260
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2008.07.019
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Costa, Andrea & Paris, Jean & Towers, Michael & Browne, Thomas, 2007. "Economics of trigeneration in a kraft pulp mill for enhanced energy efficiency and reduced GHG emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 474-481.
    2. Burer, M. & Tanaka, K. & Favrat, D. & Yamada, K., 2003. "Multi-criteria optimization of a district cogeneration plant integrating a solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine combined cycle, heat pumps and chillers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 497-518.
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    1. Parham, Kiyan & Khamooshi, Mehrdad & Tematio, Daniel Boris Kenfack & Yari, Mortaza & Atikol, Uğur, 2014. "Absorption heat transformers – A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 430-452.
    2. Oluleye, Gbemi & Smith, Robin & Jobson, Megan, 2016. "Modelling and screening heat pump options for the exploitation of low grade waste heat in process sites," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 267-286.
    3. Jussi Saari & Ekaterina Sermyagina & Juha Kaikko & Markus Haider & Marcelo Hamaguchi & Esa Vakkilainen, 2021. "Evaluation of the Energy Efficiency Improvement Potential through Back-End Heat Recovery in the Kraft Recovery Boiler," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-21, March.
    4. Wakim, Michel & Rivera-Tinoco, Rodrigo, 2019. "Absorption heat transformers: Sensitivity study to answer existing discrepancies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 881-890.
    5. Rivera, W. & Huicochea, A. & Martínez, H. & Siqueiros, J. & Juárez, D. & Cadenas, E., 2011. "Exergy analysis of an experimental heat transformer for water purification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 320-327.
    6. Wu, Wei & Wang, Baolong & Shi, Wenxing & Li, Xianting, 2014. "Absorption heating technologies: A review and perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 51-71.
    7. Donnellan, Philip & Cronin, Kevin & Byrne, Edmond, 2015. "Recycling waste heat energy using vapour absorption heat transformers: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1290-1304.
    8. Jönsson, Johanna & Berntsson, Thore, 2012. "Analysing the potential for implementation of CCS within the European pulp and paper industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 641-648.
    9. Cao, Haibo & Li, Zhexu & Peng, Wanli & Yang, Hanxin & Guo, Juncheng, 2023. "Optimal analyses and performance bounds of the low-dissipation three-terminal heat transformer: The roles of the parameter constraints and optimization criteria," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    10. Xu, Z.Y. & Mao, H.C. & Liu, D.S. & Wang, R.Z., 2018. "Waste heat recovery of power plant with large scale serial absorption heat pumps," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 1097-1105.
    11. Privat, Romain & Qian, Jun-Wei & Alonso, Dominique & Jaubert, Jean-Noël, 2013. "Quest for an efficient binary working mixture for an absorption-demixing heat transformer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 594-609.
    12. Donnellan, Philip & Byrne, Edmond & Oliveira, Jorge & Cronin, Kevin, 2014. "First and second law multidimensional analysis of a triple absorption heat transformer (TAHT)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 141-151.
    13. Donnellan, Philip & Cronin, Kevin & Acevedo, Yaset & Byrne, Edmond, 2014. "Economic evaluation of an industrial high temperature lift heat transformer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 581-591.
    14. Mateos-Espejel, Enrique & Savulescu, Luciana & Maréchal, François & Paris, Jean, 2010. "Systems interactions analysis for the energy efficiency improvement of a Kraft process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 5132-5142.
    15. van de Bor, D.M. & Infante Ferreira, C.A., 2013. "Quick selection of industrial heat pump types including the impact of thermodynamic losses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 312-322.
    16. Bakhtiari, Bahador & Fradette, Louis & Legros, Robert & Paris, Jean, 2010. "Opportunities for the integration of absorption heat pumps in the pulp and paper process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 4600-4606.

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