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Economics of trigeneration in a kraft pulp mill for enhanced energy efficiency and reduced GHG emissions

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  • Costa, Andrea
  • Paris, Jean
  • Towers, Michael
  • Browne, Thomas

Abstract

The potential to liberate steam production capacity for power generation has been assessed using actual energy consumption data and the recorded seasonal consumption fluctuations for a kraft pulp mill. The revenues from power production are compared with possible energy savings, achieved through enhancement of the process efficiency using an absorption heat pump (AHP). Bunker oil, wood bark and black liquor, the fuels used, have very different costs and heating values. The net present value (NPV) was used with a simple payback time (SPB) for the comparison of three cases: (i) power production from liberated steam capacity using a cogeneration unit, (ii) maximised energy savings using an AHP and (iii) power production combined with heat upgrading and cold production using a trigeneration unit. The results show economic viability of all options investigated. The stand-alone AHP achieves the shortest SPB time, whereas the trigeneration option reaches the highest NPV and therefore the best overall economics.

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  • Costa, Andrea & Paris, Jean & Towers, Michael & Browne, Thomas, 2007. "Economics of trigeneration in a kraft pulp mill for enhanced energy efficiency and reduced GHG emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 474-481.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:32:y:2007:i:4:p:474-481
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2006.07.030
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Burer, M. & Tanaka, K. & Favrat, D. & Yamada, K., 2003. "Multi-criteria optimization of a district cogeneration plant integrating a solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine combined cycle, heat pumps and chillers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 497-518.
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    1. Compernolle, Tine & Witters, Nele & Van Passel, Steven & Thewys, Theo, 2011. "Analyzing a self-managed CHP system for greenhouse cultivation as a profitable way to reduce CO2-emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 1940-1947.
    2. Jradi, M. & Riffat, S., 2014. "Tri-generation systems: Energy policies, prime movers, cooling technologies, configurations and operation strategies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 396-415.
    3. Jiang-Jiang, Wang & Chun-Fa, Zhang & You-Yin, Jing, 2010. "Multi-criteria analysis of combined cooling, heating and power systems in different climate zones in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1247-1259, April.
    4. Lai, Sau Man & Hui, Chi Wai, 2010. "Integration of trigeneration system and thermal storage under demand uncertainties," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(9), pages 2868-2880, September.
    5. Thollander, Patrik & Backlund, Sandra & Trianni, Andrea & Cagno, Enrico, 2013. "Beyond barriers – A case study on driving forces for improved energy efficiency in the foundry industries in Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, and Sweden," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 636-643.
    6. Gao, Penghui & Li, Wangliang & Cheng, Yongpan & Tong, YenWah & Dai, Yanjun & Wang, Ruzhu, 2014. "Thermodynamic performance assessment of CCHP system driven by different composition gas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 599-610.
    7. Costa, Andrea & Bakhtiari, Bahador & Schuster, Sebastian & Paris, Jean, 2009. "Integration of absorption heat pumps in a Kraft pulp process for enhanced energy efficiency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 254-260.
    8. Pasimeni, Maria Rita & Petrosillo, Irene & Aretano, Roberta & Semeraro, Teodoro & De Marco, Antonella & Zaccarelli, Nicola & Zurlini, Giovanni, 2014. "Scales, strategies and actions for effective energy planning: A review," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 165-174.
    9. Wang, Jiang-Jiang & Jing, You-Yin & Zhang, Chun-Fa & Zhai, Zhiqiang (John), 2011. "Performance comparison of combined cooling heating and power system in different operation modes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 4621-4631.
    10. Bakhtiari, Bahador & Fradette, Louis & Legros, Robert & Paris, Jean, 2010. "Opportunities for the integration of absorption heat pumps in the pulp and paper process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 4600-4606.

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