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Fuel cell hybrid taxi life cycle analysis

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  • Baptista, Patrícia
  • Ribau, João
  • Bravo, João
  • Silva, Carla
  • Adcock, Paul
  • Kells, Ashley

Abstract

A small fleet of classic London Taxis (Black cabs) equipped with hydrogen fuel cell power systems is being prepared for demonstration during the 2012 London Olympics. This paper presents a Life Cycle Analysis for these vehicles in terms of energy consumption and CO2 emissions, focusing on the impacts of alternative vehicle technologies for the Taxi, combining the fuel life cycle (Tank-to-Wheel and Well-to-Tank) and vehicle materials Cradle-to-Grave. An internal combustion engine diesel taxi was used as the reference vehicle for the currently available technology. This is compared to battery and fuel cell vehicle configurations. Accordingly, the following energy pathways are compared: diesel, electricity and hydrogen (derived from natural gas steam reforming). Full Life Cycle Analysis, using the PCO-CENEX drive cycle, (derived from actual London Taxi drive cycles) shows that the fuel cell powered vehicle configurations have lower energy consumption (4.34Â MJ/km) and CO2 emissions (235Â g/km) than both the ICE Diesel (9.54Â MJ/km and 738Â g/km) and the battery electric vehicle (5.81Â MJ/km and 269Â g/km).

Suggested Citation

  • Baptista, Patrícia & Ribau, João & Bravo, João & Silva, Carla & Adcock, Paul & Kells, Ashley, 2011. "Fuel cell hybrid taxi life cycle analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 4683-4691, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:39:y:2011:i:9:p:4683-4691
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Offer, G.J. & Howey, D. & Contestabile, M. & Clague, R. & Brandon, N.P., 2010. "Comparative analysis of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid vehicles in a future sustainable road transport system," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 24-29, January.
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    1. Ribau, João P. & Sousa, João M.C. & Silva, Carla M., 2015. "Reducing the carbon footprint of urban bus fleets using multi-objective optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P1), pages 1089-1104.
    2. Yuan, Xiaodong & Li, Xiaotao, 2020. "A network analytic method for measuring patent thickets: A case of FCEV technology," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    3. Vedrenne, Michel & Pérez, Javier & Lumbreras, Julio & Rodríguez, María Encarnación, 2014. "Life cycle assessment as a policy-support tool: The case of taxis in the city of Madrid," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 185-197.
    4. Loução, Pedro O. & Ribau, João P. & Ferreira, Ana F., 2019. "Life cycle and decision analysis of electricity production from biomass – Portugal case study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 452-480.
    5. Baptista, Patrícia C. & Silva, Carla M. & Farias, Tiago L. & Heywood, John B., 2012. "Energy and environmental impacts of alternative pathways for the Portuguese road transportation sector," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 802-815.
    6. Batista, T. & Freire, F. & Silva, C.M., 2015. "Vehicle environmental rating methodologies: Overview and application to light-duty vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 192-206.
    7. Pina, André & Baptista, Patrícia & Silva, Carlos & Ferrão, Paulo, 2014. "Energy reduction potential from the shift to electric vehicles: The Flores island case study," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 37-47.
    8. Lin Gao & Zach C. Winfield, 2012. "Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental and Economic Impacts of Advanced Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(3), pages 1-16, March.
    9. Renjie Wang & Yuanyuan Song & Honglei Xu & Yue Li & Jie Liu, 2022. "Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Consumption and CO 2 Emission from HEV, PHEV and BEV for China in the Past, Present and Future," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-16, September.
    10. Weijun Wang & Dan Zhao & Zengqiang Mi & Liguo Fan, 2019. "Prediction and Analysis of the Relationship between Energy Mix Structure and Electric Vehicles Holdings Based on Carbon Emission Reduction Constraint: A Case in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-20, May.
    11. Cai, Yanpeng & Applegate, Scott & Yue, Wencong & Cai, Jianying & Wang, Xuan & Liu, Gengyuan & Li, Chunhui, 2017. "A hybrid life cycle and multi-criteria decision analysis approach for identifying sustainable development strategies of Beijing's taxi fleet," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 314-325.
    12. Fady M. A. Hassouna & Mahmoud Assad, 2020. "Towards a Sustainable Public Transportation: Replacing the Conventional Taxis by a Hybrid Taxi Fleet in the West Bank, Palestine," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-11, December.
    13. Campíñez-Romero, Severo & Colmenar-Santos, Antonio & Pérez-Molina, Clara & Mur-Pérez, Francisco, 2018. "A hydrogen refuelling stations infrastructure deployment for cities supported on fuel cell taxi roll-out," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 1018-1031.
    14. Federico Millo & Luciano Rolando & Rocco Fuso, 2014. "Real World Operation of a Complex Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle: Analysis of Its CO 2 Emissions and Operating Costs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-17, July.
    15. Ribau, João P. & Silva, Carla M. & Sousa, João M.C., 2014. "Efficiency, cost and life cycle CO2 optimization of fuel cell hybrid and plug-in hybrid urban buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 320-335.
    16. Sathaye, Nakul, 2014. "The optimal design and cost implications of electric vehicle taxi systems," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 264-283.

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