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The feasibility of long range battery electric cars in New Zealand

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  • Duke, Mike
  • Andrews, Deborah
  • Anderson, Timothy

Abstract

New Zealand transport accounts for over 40% of the carbon emissions with private cars accounting for 25%. In the Ministry of Economic Development's recently released "New Zealand Energy Strategy to 2050", it proposed the wide scale deployment of electric vehicles as a means of reducing carbon emissions from transport. However, New Zealand's lack of public transport infrastructure and its subsequent reliance on private car use for longer journeys could mean that many existing battery electric vehicles (BEVs) will not have the performance to replace conventionally fuelled cars. As such, this paper discusses the potential for BEVs in New Zealand, with particular reference to the development of the University of Waikato's long-range UltraCommuter BEV. It is shown that to achieve a long range at higher speeds, BEVs should be designed specifically rather than retrofitting existing vehicles to electric. Furthermore, the electrical energy supply for a mixed fleet of 2 million BEVs is discussed and conservatively calculated, along with the number of wind turbines to achieve this. The results show that approximately 1350Â MW of wind turbines would be needed to supply the mixed fleet of 2 million BEVs, or 54% of the energy produced from NZ's planned and installed wind farms.

Suggested Citation

  • Duke, Mike & Andrews, Deborah & Anderson, Timothy, 2009. "The feasibility of long range battery electric cars in New Zealand," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(9), pages 3455-3462, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:37:y:2009:i:9:p:3455-3462
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hammerschlag, Roel & Mazza, Patrick, 2005. "Questioning hydrogen," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(16), pages 2039-2043, November.
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    1. David Jarvis & Nigel Berkeley & Tom Donnelly, 2012. "Capturing the economic benefits of a transformative shift to low carbon automobility," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 27(7), pages 692-704, November.
    2. Byrd, Hugh & Ho, Anna & Sharp, Basil & Kumar-Nair, Nirmal, 2013. "Measuring the solar potential of a city and its implications for energy policy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 944-952.
    3. Sheng, Mingyue Selena & Sreenivasan, Ajith Viswanath & Sharp, Basil & Du, Bo, 2021. "Well-to-wheel analysis of greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption for electric vehicles: A comparative study in Oceania," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    4. Uusitalo, V. & Soukka, R. & Horttanainen, M. & Niskanen, A. & Havukainen, J., 2013. "Economics and greenhouse gas balance of biogas use systems in the Finnish transportation sector," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 132-140.
    5. Wang, Yaxian & Zhao, Zhenli & Baležentis, Tomas, 2023. "Benefit distribution in shared private charging pile projects based on modified Shapley value," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PB).

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