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Offshore wind power in the US: Regulatory issues and models for regulation

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  • Snyder, Brian
  • Kaiser, Mark J.

Abstract

The first offshore wind farm became operational in 1991 in Vindeby, Denmark. By 2008, large offshore wind farms had been built in Denmark, the UK, the Netherlands, Ireland, and Sweden with a total capacity of 1200Â MW. Offshore wind farms have the potential to generate a significant fraction of US electrical consumption, but the US currently lacks offshore wind farms and is still developing a regulatory system. At the state level only Texas has a leasing system for offshore wind. Since all offshore land is the property of the state and cannot be legally developed without a lease from the government, these absences have stalled development. We review and compare regulatory and leasing systems developed in Europe and the US to inform a discussion of the major issues associated with the development of an offshore leasing and regulatory system. We focus on the tradeoffs between encouraging a sustainable energy source and ensuring environmental protection and public compensation. We conclude that there are likely multiple effective methods of regulation.

Suggested Citation

  • Snyder, Brian & Kaiser, Mark J., 2009. "Offshore wind power in the US: Regulatory issues and models for regulation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(11), pages 4442-4453, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:37:y:2009:i:11:p:4442-4453
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Jie & Chowdhury, Souma & Messac, Achille & Castillo, Luciano, 2012. "A Response Surface-Based Cost Model for Wind Farm Design," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 538-550.
    2. Zhang, H. & Pollitt, M., 2023. "Comparison of policy instruments in the development process of offshore wind power in North Sea countries," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2365, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    3. Kaldellis, John K. & Zafirakis, D., 2011. "The wind energy (r)evolution: A short review of a long history," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 1887-1901.
    4. Luis Ferney Moreno Castillo (director) & Carlos Villanueva (coordinador) & Manuel Salvador Acuña Zepeda [y otros], 2021. "Anuario iberoamericano de derecho de la energía. Volumen III, El derecho de la energía sostenible," Books, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Derecho, number 1287, October.
    5. Santiago Salvador & Xurxo Costoya & Francisco Javier Sanz-Larruga & Luis Gimeno, 2018. "Development of Offshore Wind Power: Contrasting Optimal Wind Sites with Legal Restrictions in Galicia, Spain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-25, March.
    6. Griffin, Robert, 2013. "Auction designs for allocating wind energy leases on the U.S. outer continentalshelf," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 603-611.
    7. R, Hall & E, Topham & E, João, 2022. "Environmental Impact Assessment for the decommissioning of offshore wind farms," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    8. Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Enevoldsen, Peter, 2015. "One style to build them all: Corporate culture and innovation in the offshore wind industry," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 402-415.
    9. Salvador, Santiago & Gimeno, Luis & Sanz Larruga, F. Javier, 2019. "The influence of maritime spatial planning on the development of marine renewable energies in Portugal and Spain: Legal challenges and opportunities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 316-328.
    10. Gernaat, David E.H.J. & Van Vuuren, Detlef P. & Van Vliet, Jasper & Sullivan, Patrick & Arent, Douglas J., 2014. "Global long-term cost dynamics of offshore wind electricity generation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 663-672.
    11. Santiago Salvador & Marta Chantal Ribeiro, 2023. "Socio‐economic, legal, and political context of offshore renewable energies," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(2), March.
    12. deCastro, M. & Salvador, S. & Gómez-Gesteira, M. & Costoya, X. & Carvalho, D. & Sanz-Larruga, F.J. & Gimeno, L., 2019. "Europe, China and the United States: Three different approaches to the development of offshore wind energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 55-70.

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