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Decarbonisation policies and energy price reforms in Bangladesh

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  • Amin, Sakib
  • Jamasb, Tooraj
  • Llorca, Manuel
  • Marsiliani, Laura
  • Renström, Thomas I.

Abstract

Bangladesh electricity sector suffers from heavy subsidization of fossil fuels and regulated electricity prices. These interventions distort the fuel mix in electricity production, promote overconsumption of fossil fuels and slow down the low-carbon transition. As a signatory of the 2015 UNFCCC Paris Agreement, Bangladesh has pledged to reduce GHG emissions by 15% (of which 5% is unconditional) with respect to Business as Usual by 2030, yet its overall CO2 emissions are increasing. Urgent actions are needed for Bangladesh to fulfil its climate pledge. We use a fit-for-purpose Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model to evaluate the effects of several decarbonisation policies, namely the implementation of carbon taxes and the removal of fossil fuel subsidies and intra-sectoral electricity price distortions. We find that all policies can deliver a win-win situation in terms of macroeconomic variables and CO2 emissions with respect to a benchmark scenario that includes existing price distortions and no carbon taxes. The reduction of 4.6% in CO2 emissions achieved in the price reform policy experiment indicates that liberalised energy markets can help achieve its Paris Agreement target. Thus, we recommend that the government considers reforming electricity and fossil fuel price structure to foster economic development and environmental sustainability.

Suggested Citation

  • Amin, Sakib & Jamasb, Tooraj & Llorca, Manuel & Marsiliani, Laura & Renström, Thomas I., 2022. "Decarbonisation policies and energy price reforms in Bangladesh," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:170:y:2022:i:c:s0301421522004438
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113224
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Carbon taxes and fossil fuel subsidies; Energy price reforms; CO2 emissions; DSGE model; Bangladesh;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D58 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy
    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy
    • Q51 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Valuation of Environmental Effects

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