IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/eneeco/v115y2022ics0140988322004625.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Life insurance policyholder protection, government green subsidy, and cap-and-trade transactions in a black swan environment

Author

Listed:
  • Chen, Shi
  • Huang, Fu-Wei
  • Lin, Jyh-Horng

Abstract

Previous research has examined the cap-and-trade mechanism with carbon emission reduction for productive firms. This paper encompasses the earlier studies by integrating borrowing firms (productive firms) conducting cap-and-trade transactions with life insurer lending decisions in a black swan environment. Our research provides the first cap call option model to describe the insurer-borrowing firm situation. In particular, we find that a black swan event stimulates life insurance businesses. The cap-and-trade scheme increases the guaranteed rate of the life insurance policy and policyholder protection. Enhancing the subsidy for the green borrowing firm deteriorates the policyholder protection in a black swan environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Shi & Huang, Fu-Wei & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2022. "Life insurance policyholder protection, government green subsidy, and cap-and-trade transactions in a black swan environment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:115:y:2022:i:c:s0140988322004625
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106333
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988322004625
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106333?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lei Ruan & Heng Liu, 2021. "Environmental, Social, Governance Activities and Firm Performance: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-16, January.
    2. Caurla, Sylvain & Bertrand, Vincent & Delacote, Philippe & Le Cadre, Elodie, 2018. "Heat or power: How to increase the use of energy wood at the lowest cost?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 85-103.
    3. Hong, Jimin & Seog, S. Hun, 2018. "Life insurance settlement and the monopolistic insurance market," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 36-50.
    4. Zhao, Xiaoli & Yin, Haitao & Zhao, Yue, 2015. "Impact of environmental regulations on the efficiency and CO2 emissions of power plants in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 238-247.
    5. Bert Scholtens, 2011. "Corporate social responsibility in the international insurance industry," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 19(2), pages 143-156, March/Apr.
    6. Glette-Iversen, Ingrid & Aven, Terje, 2021. "On the meaning of and relationship between dragon-kings, black swans and related concepts," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    7. Haji Esmaeili, Seyed Ali & Sobhani, Ahmad & Szmerekovsky, Joseph & Dybing, Alan & Pourhashem, Ghasideh, 2020. "First-generation vs. second-generation: A market incentives analysis for bioethanol supply chains with carbon policies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    8. Dermine, Jean & Lajeri, Fatma, 2001. "Credit risk and the deposit insurance premium: a note," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(5), pages 497-508.
    9. Luo, Xingwu & Huang, Feifei & Tang, Xiaobo & Li, Jialong, 2021. "Government subsidies and firm performance: Evidence from high-tech start-ups in China," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    10. Acheampong, Alex O., 2019. "Modelling for insight: Does financial development improve environmental quality?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 156-179.
    11. Schultz, Karl & Williamson, Peter, 2005. "Gaining Competitive Advantage in a Carbon-constrained World:: Strategies for European Business," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 23(4), pages 383-391, August.
    12. Li, Zhimin & Pan, Yanchun & Yang, Wen & Ma, Jianhua & Zhou, Ming, 2021. "Effects of government subsidies on green technology investment and green marketing coordination of supply chain under the cap-and-trade mechanism," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    13. Du, Shaofu & Zhu, Lili & Liang, Liang & Ma, Fang, 2013. "Emission-dependent supply chain and environment-policy-making in the ‘cap-and-trade’ system," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 61-67.
    14. Yang, Wen & Pan, Yanchun & Ma, Jianhua & Yang, Tianyue & Ke, Xiao, 2020. "Effects of allowance allocation rules on green technology investment and product pricing under the cap-and-trade mechanism," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    15. Xu, Xiaoping & He, Ping & Xu, Hao & Zhang, Quanpeng, 2017. "Supply chain coordination with green technology under cap-and-trade regulation," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 183(PB), pages 433-442.
    16. Pei Wang & Cong Dong & Nan Chen & Ming Qi & Shucheng Yang & Amuji Bridget Nnenna & Wenxin Li, 2021. "Environmental Regulation, Government Subsidies, and Green Technology Innovation—A Provincial Panel Data Analysis from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-19, November.
    17. Eric Briys & François De Varenne, 1994. "Life Insurance in a Contingent Claim Framework: Pricing and Regulatory Implications," The Geneva Risk and Insurance Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics (The Geneva Association), vol. 19(1), pages 53-72, June.
    18. Yao, Shouyu & Pan, Yuying & Sensoy, Ahmet & Uddin, Gazi Salah & Cheng, Feiyang, 2021. "Green credit policy and firm performance: What we learn from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    19. Jan H Holsboer, 2000. "The Impact of Low Interest Rates on Insurers," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 25(1), pages 38-58, January.
    20. Acheampong, Alex O. & Amponsah, Mary & Boateng, Elliot, 2020. "Does financial development mitigate carbon emissions? Evidence from heterogeneous financial economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    21. Laura Chiaramonte & Alberto Dreassi & Andrea Paltrinieri & Stefano Piserà, 2020. "Sustainability Practices and Stability in the Insurance Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-25, July.
    22. Tan, Xueping & Sirichand, Kavita & Vivian, Andrew & Wang, Xinyu, 2020. "How connected is the carbon market to energy and financial markets? A systematic analysis of spillovers and dynamics," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    23. Dengjin Zheng & Xin Dai & Tianqi Lan & Wei Zhang & Jian Mou, 2021. "The Negative Effect of Share Pledging by Controlling Shareholders under COVID-19," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(10), pages 2826-2837, August.
    24. Xiao, Bowen & Fan, Ying & Guo, Xiaodan, 2021. "Dynamic interactive effect and co-design of SO2 emission tax and CO2 emission trading scheme," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    25. Trinks, Arjan & Mulder, Machiel & Scholtens, Bert, 2020. "An Efficiency Perspective on Carbon Emissions and Financial Performance," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    26. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    27. Zhu, Bangzhu & Ye, Shunxin & Wang, Ping & He, Kaijian & Zhang, Tao & Wei, Yi-Ming, 2018. "A novel multiscale nonlinear ensemble leaning paradigm for carbon price forecasting," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 143-157.
    28. Malladi, Krishna Teja & Sowlati, Taraneh, 2020. "Impact of carbon pricing policies on the cost and emission of the biomass supply chain: Optimization models and a case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    29. Helmut Gründl & Danjela Guxha & Anastasia Kartasheva & Hato Schmeiser, 2021. "Insurability of pandemic risks," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 88(4), pages 863-902, December.
    30. Carl, Jeremy & Fedor, David, 2016. "Tracking global carbon revenues: A survey of carbon taxes versus cap-and-trade in the real world," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 50-77.
    31. Yang, Bo & Wei, Yi-Ming & Liu, Lan-Cui & Hou, Yun-Bing & Zhang, Kun & Yang, Lai & Feng, Ye, 2021. "Life cycle cost assessment of biomass co-firing power plants with CO2 capture and storage considering multiple incentives," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    32. Timo Busch & Stefan Lewandowski, 2018. "Corporate Carbon and Financial Performance: A Meta‐analysis," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 22(4), pages 745-759, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Li, Xuelian & Chen, Lingzhi & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2023. "Cap-and-trade mechanisms, green technology investment, and shadow insurance in a black swan environment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    2. Li, Xuelian & Zhou, Wei & Lin, Jyh-Jiuan & Chang, Ching-Hui, 2023. "Insurer financing for borrowing producers in a supply chain under alternative carbon allowance trades," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chen, Shi & Huang, Fu-Wei & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2023. "Green technology choices under the cap-and-trade mechanism with insurer green finance in a dragon-king environment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    2. Li, Xuelian & Chen, Lingzhi & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2023. "Cap-and-trade mechanisms, green technology investment, and shadow insurance in a black swan environment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    3. Li, Zhimin & Pan, Yanchun & Yang, Wen & Ma, Jianhua & Zhou, Ming, 2021. "Effects of government subsidies on green technology investment and green marketing coordination of supply chain under the cap-and-trade mechanism," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    4. Shi Chen & Fu-Wei Huang & Jyh-Horng Lin, 2022. "Effects of Cap-and-Trade Mechanism and Financial Gray Rhino Threats on Insurer Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-20, July.
    5. Li, Xuelian & Zhou, Wei & Lin, Jyh-Jiuan & Chang, Ching-Hui, 2023. "Insurer financing for borrowing producers in a supply chain under alternative carbon allowance trades," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    6. Fu-Wei Huang & Panpan Lin & Jyh-Horng Lin & Ching-Hui Chang, 2023. "The impact of war on insurer safety: a contingent claim model analysis," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-6, December.
    7. Huang, Fu-Wei & Chen, Shi & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2022. "Free riding and insurer carbon-linked investment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    8. Shi Chen & Fu-Wei Huang & Jyh-Horng Lin, 2022. "Borrowing-Firm Emission Trading, Bank Rate-Setting Behavior, and Carbon-Linked Lending under Capital Regulation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-14, May.
    9. Wang, Juan & Li, Jing & Zhang, Qingjun, 2021. "Does carbon efficiency improve financial performance? Evidence from Chinese firms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    10. Weihao Wang & Deqing Ma & Jinsong Hu, 2023. "Study of Carbon Reduction and Marketing Decisions with the Envisioning of a Favorable Event under Cap-and-Trade Regulation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-27, March.
    11. Lin, Jyh-Horng & Li, Xuelian & Lin, Panpan, 2022. "Could we rely on credit swap hedging as a substitute for insurer blockchain technology involvement?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 266-281.
    12. Homroy, Swarnodeep, 2023. "GHG emissions and firm performance: The role of CEO gender socialization," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    13. Chen, Shi & Yang, Yang & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2020. "Capped borrower credit risk and insurer hedging during the COVID-19 outbreak," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 36(C).
    14. Amiri-Pebdani, Sima & Alinaghian, Mahdi & Khosroshahi, Hossein, 2023. "Pricing in competitive energy supply chains considering government interventions to support CCS under cap-and-trade regulations: A game-theoretic approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    15. Døskeland, Trond M. & Nordahl, Helge A., 2008. "Optimal pension insurance design," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 382-392, March.
    16. Jiang, Jingjing & Xie, Dejun & Ye, Bin & Shen, Bo & Chen, Zhanming, 2016. "Research on China’s cap-and-trade carbon emission trading scheme: Overview and outlook," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 902-917.
    17. Ji, Jingna & Li, Tao & Yang, Lei, 2023. "Pricing and carbon reduction strategies for vertically differentiated firms under Cap-and-Trade regulation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    18. Yahya, Farzan & Lee, Chien-Chiang, 2023. "Disentangling the asymmetric effect of financialization on the green output gap," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    19. Faqi Xie & Yushuang Deng & Huiru Chen, 2023. "Pricing and Quantity Decisions under Asymmetric Carbon Emission Reduction Information and Cap-and-Trade Mechanism," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-27, January.
    20. Lee, Chi-Chuan & Lee, Chien-Chiang, 2022. "How does green finance affect green total factor productivity? Evidence from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Policyholder protection; Green subsidy; Cap-and-trade; Black swan;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
    • G22 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:115:y:2022:i:c:s0140988322004625. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/eneco .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.