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The energy-mineral-society nexus – A social LCA model

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  • Schlör, H.
  • Venghaus, S.
  • Zapp, P.
  • Marx, J.
  • Schreiber, A.
  • Hake, J.-Fr.

Abstract

Renewable energy technologies such as direct-drive wind turbines based on permanent magnets need non-renewable resources such as rare earth minerals. The analysis of this nexus requires a better understanding of the complex interactions not only between these two sectors, but also between the natural environment and human society, characterized as the energy-mineral-society nexus (EMS nexus). The EMS nexus is analysed using an extended social life cycle assessment (sLCA) model and scenario approach. For this new social LCA the Social Hotspots Database (SHDB) is used to analyse rare earth production in Australia, Malaysia (Mount Weld process), USA (Mountain Pass process II), and China (Bayan Obo process).

Suggested Citation

  • Schlör, H. & Venghaus, S. & Zapp, P. & Marx, J. & Schreiber, A. & Hake, J.-Fr., 2018. "The energy-mineral-society nexus – A social LCA model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 999-1008.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:228:y:2018:i:c:p:999-1008
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.06.048
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    3. Echarri-Iribarren, Victor & Echarri-Iribarren, Fernando & Rizo-Maestre, Carlos, 2019. "Ceramic panels versus aluminium in buildings: Energy consumption and environmental impact assessment with a new methodology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 959-974.

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