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Optimal sizing of flexible nuclear hybrid energy system components considering wind volatility

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  • Baker, T.E.
  • Epiney, A.S.
  • Rabiti, C.
  • Shittu, E.

Abstract

This paper seeks to quantify the benefits of a flexible energy system in the context of enabling higher levels of variable renewable energy on the grid. We explore a nuclear hybrid energy system (NHES) consisting of a 300 MW small modular reactor, wind generation, battery storage, and a reverse osmosis desalination plant. A dispatch rule is constructed within the Risk Analysis Virtual Environment (RAVEN) to model the system. Stochastic optimization and parametric analysis are utilized to explore how increased volatility in the net demand resulting from higher levels of wind penetration affect the optimal solution, and the stability of the system’s levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). In this study, net demand is the demand minus wind generation. This work contributes multi-objective analysis implemented through a supply-demand mismatch penalty to illustrate the financial stability and operational reliability benefits of the flexible energy system. In this context, we find that the additional up front cost of flexible loads and energy storage result in greater stability in LCOE as volatility in the demand increases. Additionally, the flexibility results in increased reliability in terms of meeting the demand. Although the analysis is conducted on a NHES, we emphasize the flexibility of the method applied here, in that the RAVEN platform and the multi-objective strategy are widely applicable to the analysis of energy systems faced with uncertainties in supply and demand.

Suggested Citation

  • Baker, T.E. & Epiney, A.S. & Rabiti, C. & Shittu, E., 2018. "Optimal sizing of flexible nuclear hybrid energy system components considering wind volatility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 498-508.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:212:y:2018:i:c:p:498-508
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.12.061
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    Cited by:

    1. Batista, Natasha E. & Carvalho, Paulo C.M. & Fernández-Ramírez, Luis M. & Braga, Arthur P.S., 2023. "Optimizing methodologies of hybrid renewable energy systems powered reverse osmosis plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    2. Hossam A. Gabbar & Muhammad R. Abdussami & Md. Ibrahim Adham, 2020. "Micro Nuclear Reactors: Potential Replacements for Diesel Gensets within Micro Energy Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-38, October.
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    4. Jenkins, J.D. & Zhou, Z. & Ponciroli, R. & Vilim, R.B. & Ganda, F. & de Sisternes, F. & Botterud, A., 2018. "The benefits of nuclear flexibility in power system operations with renewable energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 872-884.
    5. Dong, Zhe & Li, Bowen & Li, Junyi & Guo, Zhiwu & Huang, Xiaojin & Zhang, Yajun & Zhang, Zuoyi, 2021. "Flexible control of nuclear cogeneration plants for balancing intermittent renewables," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    6. Bouma, Andrew T. & Wei, Quantum J. & Parsons, John E. & Buongiorno, Jacopo & Lienhard, John H., 2022. "Energy and water without carbon: Integrated desalination and nuclear power at Diablo Canyon," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    7. Carlo L. Vinoya & Aristotle T. Ubando & Alvin B. Culaba & Wei-Hsin Chen, 2023. "State-of-the-Art Review of Small Modular Reactors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-30, April.
    8. Wang, Gang & Wang, Cheng & Chen, Zeshao & Hu, Peng, 2020. "Design and performance evaluation of an innovative solar-nuclear complementarity power system using the S–CO2 Brayton cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    9. Epiney, A. & Rabiti, C. & Talbot, P. & Alfonsi, A., 2020. "Economic analysis of a nuclear hybrid energy system in a stochastic environment including wind turbines in an electricity grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    10. Hirsh Bar Gai, Dor & Shittu, Ekundayo & Attanasio, Donna & Weigelt, Carmen & LeBlanc, Saniya & Dehghanian, Payman & Sklar, Scott, 2021. "Examining community solar programs to understand accessibility and investment: Evidence from the U.S," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    11. Dong, Zhe & Liu, Miao & Guo, Zhiwu & Huang, Xiaojin & Zhang, Yajun & Zhang, Zuoyi, 2019. "Adaptive state-observer for monitoring flexible nuclear reactors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 893-909.
    12. Zhe Dong & Miao Liu & Di Jiang & Xiaojin Huang & Yajun Zhang & Zuoyi Zhang, 2018. "Automatic Generation Control of Nuclear Heating Reactor Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-18, October.
    13. Shittu, Ekundayo & Kamdem, Bruno G. & Weigelt, Carmen, 2019. "Heterogeneities in energy technological learning: Evidence from the U.S. electricity industry," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 1034-1049.
    14. Fu, Xueqian & Zhang, Xiurong, 2018. "Failure probability estimation of gas supply using the central moment method in an integrated energy system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 1-10.
    15. Dong, Zhe & Liu, Miao & Zhang, Zuoyi & Dong, Yujie & Huang, Xiaojin, 2019. "Automatic generation control for the flexible operation of multimodular high temperature gas-cooled reactor plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 11-31.
    16. Michaelson, D. & Jiang, J., 2021. "Review of integration of small modular reactors in renewable energy microgrids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).

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