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Oil Price and Employment Nexus in Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb

    (Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
    Kafr Elsheikh University, Egypt,)

  • Haider Mahmood

    (Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia)

  • Zafar Ahmad Sultan

    (Bihar University, Muzaffarpur; Bihar, India,)

  • Nawaz Ahmad

    (Department of Economics, University of Lahore, Pakistan)

Abstract

Higher oil price is a signal of economic growth in Saudi Arabia due to her heavy dependence on oil revenues. This study has perused the relationship between oil price and employment in Saudi Arabia by using sample period of 1980-2015 and by utilizing the linear and non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models. We have found a positive influence of oil price on employment level in both linear and non-linear ARDL settings. Further, employment effects of increasing and decreasing oil price are found asymmetrical in the non-linear ARDL and we have also found that increasing oil price is positively affecting employment more than declining employment due to fall in oil price. Further, economic growth supports employment significantly. This study recommends the government of Saudi Arabia to save oil revenues in time of prosperity to support employment level in the oil price crisis period.

Suggested Citation

  • Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood & Zafar Ahmad Sultan & Nawaz Ahmad, 2017. "Oil Price and Employment Nexus in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(3), pages 277-281.
    • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2017-03-33
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Dmitry Burakov & Max Freidin & Yuriy Solovyev, 2018. "The Halloween Effect on Energy Markets: An Empirical Study," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(2), pages 121-126.
    2. Haider Mahmood & Maham Furqan & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Mahmoud Mohamad Fawaz, 2019. "Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve in Egypt: Role of Foreign Investment and Trade," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(2), pages 225-228.
    3. Angelova, Vera & Giebe, Thomas & Ivanova-Stenzel, Radosveta, 2022. "Competition and fatigue," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 236-249.
    4. Valeriia Denisova, 2020. "Financial Development and Energy Consumption: Evidence from Germany," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(2), pages 35-39.
    5. Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Zafar Ahmad Sultan, 2019. "Oil Price and Economic Growth: The Case of Indian Economy," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(3), pages 274-279.
    6. Nabil Ahmed Mareai Senan & Haider Mahmood & Sehrish Liaquat, 2018. "Financial Markets and Electricity Consumption Nexus in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(1), pages 12-16.
    7. Isiaka Akande Raifu & Alarudeen Aminu & Abiodun O. Folawewo, 2020. "Investigating the relationship between changes in oil prices and unemployment rate in Nigeria: linear and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag approaches," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 1-18, December.
    8. Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood, 2020. "Oil Price and Energy Depletion Nexus in GCC Countries: Asymmetry Analyses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-13, June.
    9. Haider Mahmood & Ahmad M.A. Zamil, 2019. "Oil Price and Slumps Effects on Personal Consumption in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(4), pages 12-15.
    10. Haider Mahmood & Muntasir Murshed, 2021. "Oil Price and Economic Growth Nexus in Saudi Arabia: Asymmetry Analysis," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(1), pages 29-33.
    11. Tomader Elhassan, 2021. "Impact of Oil Price Fluctuations on Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia: Evidence from a Nonlinear ARDL Approach," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(5), pages 579-585.
    12. Sallie Yea & Stephanie Chok, 2018. "Unfreedom Unbound: Developing a Cumulative Approach to Understanding Unfree Labour in Singapore," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 32(5), pages 925-941, October.
    13. Alexander Bass, 2018. "Financial Markets and Electricity Consumption Nexus in Russia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(3), pages 82-86.
    14. Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Nasser Saad Alkahtani & Haider Mahmood, 2018. "Green Human Resource Management, Financial Markets and Pollution Nexus in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(3), pages 33-36.
    15. Thomas Habanabakize, 2021. "Determining the Household Consumption Expenditure’s Resilience towards Petrol Price, Disposable Income and Exchange Rate Volatilities," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-15, June.
    16. Wilson, Lacey & Lusk, Jayson L., 2020. "Consumer willingness to pay for redundant food labels," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    17. Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Zafar Ahmad Sultan & Haider Mahmood, 2017. "Oil Revenue, Public Spending, Gross Domestic Product and Employment in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(6), pages 27-31.
    18. Anis Ali, 2021. "Volatility of Oil Prices and Public Spending in Saudi Arabia: Sensitivity and Trend Analysis," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(1), pages 165-172.
    19. Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood, 2020. "Oil Price and Capital Formation Nexus in GCC Countries: Asymmetry Analyses," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(6), pages 146-151.
    20. Khalid Abdullah Alkhathlan & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood & Wardah Abdulrahman Bindabel, 2020. "Determinants of Diversification from Oil Sector in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(5), pages 384-391.
    21. Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Maleeha Mohammed Zaaf Al-Qahtani & Zafrul Allam & Nawaz Ahmad & Maham Furqan, 2020. "Urbanization, Oil Price and Pollution in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(2), pages 477-482.
    22. Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb, 2017. "Trade and Environment Nexus in Saudi Arabia: An Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(5), pages 291-295.
    23. Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb, 2018. "Foreign Direct Investment, Domestic Investment and Oil Price Nexus in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(4), pages 147-151.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Oil Price; Employment; Non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • C12 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Hypothesis Testing: General

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