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Non‐linear internationalization processes in Portugal: Evidence across retail, construction and software development industries

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  • João Vasco Coelho

Abstract

The rising number of Portuguese companies with international operations and growing sectoral diversification has been contributing to the recent international expansion of the Portuguese economy. It is important to introduce nuances in these recent developments, as the proportion of international firms and international expansion capabilities are still low. This article presents the results of a research project carried out between 2015 and 2018 focused on studying firm internationalization logics observable in Portugal, in three contributing sectors – retail, construction and information and communications technology (ICT) software development. The results present domestic markets as having a diffluent role, opportunistic client‐ or partner‐following being adopted as dominant expansion logics, and indicate that internationalization processes are valued for their portability and reversibility. Room exists for de‐ and re‐internationalization, resource commitment shifts and non‐linear logics, an expression of managerial attempts to leverage resource constraints and exposure to risk and market uncertainty. Sectoral diversification and the deployment of more flexible organizational modes in internationalizing companies or company groups in Portugal are suggested as relevant and feasible paths to follow, given the different modal forms currently available for most companies to expand. El número creciente de empresas portuguesas con operaciones internacionales y la creciente diversificación sectorial han contribuido a la reciente expansión internacional de la economía portuguesa. Es importante introducir matices en esta evolución reciente, ya que la proporción de empresas internacionales y la capacidad de expansión internacional son todavía bajas. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un proyecto de investigación llevado a cabo entre 2015 y 2018 centrado en el estudio de las lógicas de internacionalización de las empresas observables en Portugal, en tres sectores contribuyentes: el comercio minorista, la construcción y el desarrollo de aplicaciones informáticas de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). Los resultados presentan a los mercados domésticos con un papel difluente, adoptando como lógicas de expansión dominantes el seguimiento oportunista de clientes o socios, e indican que los procesos de internacionalización son valorados por su portabilidad y reversibilidad. Existen oportunidades para la desinternacionalización y la reinternacionalización, los cambios en la asignación de recursos y las lógicas no lineales, como expresión de los intentos de las juntas directivas de aprovechar las limitaciones de recursos y la exposición al riesgo y la incertidumbre del mercado. La diversificación sectorial y el despliegue de formas de organización más flexibles en las empresas o grupos empresariales en proceso de internacionalización en Portugal se sugieren como las vías relevantes y factibles que seguir, dadas las diferentes formas modales disponibles actualmente en la mayoría de las empresas para poder expandirse. 事業の多角化を推進しながら国際的な経営を行うポルトガル企業が増加しており、最近の同国の経済の国際的な拡大に寄与している。国際企業の割合や国際的な展開の能力はまだ低いため、こうした最近の発展に微妙な変化を取り入れることが重要である。本稿では、ポルトガルにおける小売、建設、情報通信技術のソフトウェア開発、以上の3つのセクターの企業の国際化理論に注目した、2015~2018年に実施された研究プロジェクトの結果を提示する。結果から、国内市場には流動的な役割があり、日和見主義的なクライアントまたはパートナーをフォローすることが事業拡大の有力な理論として採用されていることが示され、国際化のプロセスはその可搬性と可逆性で評価されることが指摘される。脱国際化と再国際化、リソースコミットメントの変化、非線形理論、リソース制限を利用しようとする経営的な意図を表現すること、リスクと市場の不確実性への曝露、以上のことに余地がある。ほとんどの企業が拡大のために現在利用できるさまざまな形態を考えると、ポルトガルの国際化企業や企業グループにおけるセクターの多角化とより柔軟な組織形態の展開が、重要かつ実用的で、踏襲するべき方法であることが示唆される。

Suggested Citation

  • João Vasco Coelho, 2022. "Non‐linear internationalization processes in Portugal: Evidence across retail, construction and software development industries," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(3), pages 539-559, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:539-559
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12480
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