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Patent intensity and concentration: The effect of institutional quality on MSA patent activity

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  • Gary A. Wagner
  • Jamie Bologna Pavlik

Abstract

Patented innovation is a predominately local phenomenon. It is also an indicator of economic growth. Using data on U.S. metropolitan statistical areas, we examine the long‐run effect of economic freedom, and each of its three components, on local patent activity. Using an instrumental variables approach for identification, we find that increased government spending is associated with reduced individual patent activity, though this effect is modest in magnitude. Our strongest results suggest that increased economic freedom significantly reduces patent concentration in both ownership and product types. This implies that economic freedom creates an environment conducive to diverse and diffused innovation and may provide a viable alternative to place‐based economic development strategies. Our results are robust to a quantile regression instrumental variable analysis. La innovación patentada es un fenómeno predominantemente local. También es un indicador de crecimiento económico. Mediante el uso de datos de las áreas estadísticas metropolitanas de los Estados Unidos, se examina el efecto a largo plazo de la libertad económica, y cada uno de sus tres componentes, en la actividad de las patentes locales. Se empleó un enfoque de variables instrumentales para la identificación, y se encontró que el aumento del gasto público está asociado con la reducción de la actividad en cuanto a patentes individuales, aunque la magnitud de este efecto es modesta. Nuestros resultados más robustos sugieren que el aumento de la libertad económica reduce significativamente la concentración de patentes, tanto respecto a la propiedad como a los tipos de productos. Esto implica que la libertad económica crea un entorno propicio para una innovación diversa y difusa, y que puede ofrecer una alternativa viable a las estrategias de desarrollo económico basadas en el lugar. Los resultados son robustos respecto a un análisis de variables instrumentales de regresión cuantílica. イノベーションの特許取得は、主に地域的な現象である。また、経済成長の指標でもある。米国の大都市統計地域のデータを用いて、経済的自由と、その3つの構成要素それぞれが地域の特許取得活動に及ぼす長期的な影響を検討する。操作変数法によるアプローチを用いて識別したところ、影響の規模は小さいものの、政府の支出増加が個人の特許取得活動の減少に関連していることが分かった。今回の非常に強力な結果から、経済的自由度の上昇は、所有権と製品タイプの両方において特許出願の集中を著しく減少させることが示唆された。これは、経済的自由が、多様で拡散したイノベーションを促進する環境を生み出し、立地に基づいた経済開発戦略に代わる実行可能な選択肢を提供する可能性があることを意味している。本結果は、分位点回帰操作変数分析に対してロバストであった。

Suggested Citation

  • Gary A. Wagner & Jamie Bologna Pavlik, 2020. "Patent intensity and concentration: The effect of institutional quality on MSA patent activity," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 99(4), pages 857-898, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:99:y:2020:i:4:p:857-898
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12515
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