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From hot to cold: A spatial analysis of self‐employment in the United States

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  • Alejandro Almeida
  • Antonio Golpe
  • Raquel Justo

Abstract

Self‐employment is a geographical phenomenon influenced by national and regional contexts. However, the study of both contexts combined is scarce in the literature on the formation of regional clusters. Using panel data from the USA for 1998‐2018, we perform different techniques to study both contexts combined, including exploratory spatial data analysis and dynamic spatial estimations. We find evidence of spatial dependence of selfemployment rates, although it has decreased over time. Results also suggest that most of the spatial dependence is explained by the clusters of regions with low entrepreneurship activity, and that clusters formed by highly entrepreneurial regions are the most sensitive to fluctuations in the national selfemployment rate. El trabajo por cuenta propia es un fenómeno geográfico influenciado por los contextos nacionales y regionales. Sin embargo, el estudio de ambos contextos combinados es escaso en la literatura sobre la formación de conglomerados regionales. Este estudio utiliza datos de panel de Estados Unidos entre 1998 y 2018 con los que se emplean diferentes técnicas para estudiar ambos contextos de forma combinada, entre ellas el análisis exploratorio de datos espaciales y las estimaciones espaciales dinámicas. Se encontraron pruebas de la dependencia espacial de las tasas de empleo por cuenta propia, aunque ésta ha disminuido con el tiempo. Los resultados sugieren también que la mayor parte de la dependencia espacial se explica por los conglomerados de regiones con baja actividad de iniciativa empresarial, y que los conglomerados formados por regiones con una elevada iniciativa empresarial son los más sensibles a las fluctuaciones de la tasa nacional de trabajo por cuenta propia. 自営業は、国や地域の状況から影響を受ける地理的現象である。しかし、地域クラスターの形成に関する研究で両方の状況を組み合わせたものはほとんどない。1998~2018年の米国のパネルデータを用いて、探索的空間データ分析と動的空間推定など、両方のコンテキストを組み合わせて研究するための様々な手法を実施する。自営業の割合は、時間とともに減少しているものの、空間的依存性があることを示すエビデンスを見出した。結果から、空間的依存性のほとんどがアントレプレナーシップ的な活動が少ない地域のクラスターによって説明され、アントレプレナーシップのレベルが高い地域が形成するクラスターが、国の自営業の割合の変動に対して最も感受性であることも示唆された。

Suggested Citation

  • Alejandro Almeida & Antonio Golpe & Raquel Justo, 2021. "From hot to cold: A spatial analysis of self‐employment in the United States," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 100(4), pages 1005-1023, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:100:y:2021:i:4:p:1005-1023
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12597
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