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The Political Economy of Privatization: Empirical Evidence from Transition Economies

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  • Sonja Opper

Abstract

This paper provides systematic evidence for both the cross‐country and sector‐independent validation of political‐economic theories used to explain changes in national property rights arrangements. A political‐economic model for privatization will be developed and then tested on progress in large‐scale and small‐scale privatizations in 14 Central and Eastern European transition economies between 1994 and 2000. It will be proven that divergent levels of progress in large‐scale privatization can be explained to a large extent by the structural and financial constraints on political decision‐makers and varying national interest group constellations. Small‐scale privatization is not significantly determined by political constraints and interest group pressure. This finding supports the assumption that the relative merits of different theories to explain changes in property rights arrangements depend crucially on the specific conditions of initial property arrangements. Die Untersuchung bietet einen systematischen Beweis für die länder‐ und sektorunabhängige Eignung der Politischen Ökonomie zur Erklärung nationaler Verfügungsrechtsarrangements. Es wird ein politisch‐Ökonomisches Privatisierungsmodell entwickelt und an Hand der Fortschritte bei der großen und kleinen Privatisierung in 14 Zentral‐ und Osteuropäischen Transformationsländern im Zeitraum von 1994 bis 2000 überprüft. Es zeigt sich, dass divergierende Fortschritte bei der großen Privatisierung in hohem Masse auf strukturelle und finanzielle Beschränkungen der politischen Entscheidungsträger sowie unterschiedliche Konstellationen nationaler Interessengruppen zurückzuführen sind. Die kleine Privatisierung wird dagegen nicht in entscheidendem Masse durch politische Beschränkungen und Interessengruppen beeinflusst. Dieses Ergebnis unterstützt die Vermutung, dass die Eignung unterschiedlicher Theorien zur Erklärung von Veränderungen gegebener Verfügungsrechtsstrukturen in entscheidendem Masse von der spezifischen Ausgestaltung der ursprünglichen Verfügungsrechtsarrangements abhängt. La présente étude donne une preuve systématique de l'aptitude de l'économie politique à expliquer les solutions nationales du droit de la propriété, indépendamment des pays et des secteurs. Un modèle politico‐économique de la privatisation est développé et testé en se servant des progrès avec les privatisations petites et grandes/importantes dans les 14 pays de transition du centre et est européen dans un laps de temps allant de 1994à 2000. Il est prouvé que les progrès divergents dans les grandes privatisations sont dus largement à des limitations structurelles et financières des décideurs politiques ainsi qu'à des constellations diverses de groupes d'intérêt nationaux. La petite privatisation par contre n'est pas affectée de manière décisive par les limitations politiques et les groupes d'intérêt. Ce résultat renforce l'hypothèse que l'aptitude de différentes théories à expliquer les changements de structures du droit de propriété dépend de manière décisive de la nature spécifique des structures initiales.

Suggested Citation

  • Sonja Opper, 2004. "The Political Economy of Privatization: Empirical Evidence from Transition Economies," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(4), pages 559-586, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:kyklos:v:57:y:2004:i:4:p:559-586
    DOI: 10.1111/j.0023-5962.2004.00269.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Raiser, M. & Di Tommaso, M.L. & Weeks, M., 2000. "The Measurement and Determination of Institutional Change: Evidence from Transition Economics," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 0029, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    2. Witold J. Henisz & Bennet A. Zelner, 2003. "Legitimacy, Interest Group Pressures and Change in Emergent Institutions: The Case of Foreign Investors and Host Country Governments," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series 2003-589, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
    3. Clarke, George R.G. & Cull, Robert, 1998. "The political economy of privatization : an empirical analysis of bank privatization in Argentina," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1962, The World Bank.
    4. Shapiro, C. & Willing, D.R., 1990. "Economic Rationales For The Scope Of Privatization," Papers 41, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Discussion Paper.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lidia Ceriani & Simona Scabrosetti & Francesco Scervini, 2022. "Inequality, Privatization and Democratic Institutions in Developing Countries," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 240(1), pages 95-124, March.
    2. Lin, Chen & Man-lai Wong, Sonia, 2013. "Government intervention and firm investment: Evidence from international micro-data," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 637-653.
    3. Goel, Rajeev K. & Budak, Jelena, 2006. "Privatization in transition economies: Privatization scale and country size," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 98-110, March.
    4. Samuel Adams & Berhanu Mengistu, 2008. "The Political Economy of Privatization in Sub‐Saharan Africa," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 89(1), pages 78-94, March.
    5. Marcin Senderski, 2015. "Inhibited privatization: a hurdle race over vested interests," European Journal of Government and Economics, Europa Grande, vol. 4(1), pages 46-66, June.
    6. Ádám Török, 2007. "Industrial Policy in the New Member Countries of the European Union: A Survey of Patterns and Initiatives Since 1990," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 255-271, December.
    7. Matuszak Piotr, 2020. "What determines the scale of state ownership in enterprises? Some evidence from post-socialist countries," Economics and Business Review, Sciendo, vol. 6(4), pages 95-117, December.
    8. Hu, Yifan & OPPER, Sonja & Wong, Sonia M.L., 2006. "Political economy of labor retrenchment: Evidence based on China's state-owned enterprises," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 281-299.
    9. Lidia CERIANI & Simona SCABROSETTI, 2011. "The distributional impact of privatization in developing countries: the role of democratic institutions," Departmental Working Papers 2011-31, Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods at Università degli Studi di Milano.
    10. Noemí Peña-Miguel & Beatriz Cuadrado-Ballesteros, 2021. "Effect of privatisation on income inequality: a European analysis," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 48(3), pages 697-716, August.
    11. Senderski, Marcin, 2015. "Inhibited privatization: a hurdle race over vested interests," MPRA Paper 65482, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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