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Multiple imputation of binary multilevel missing not at random data

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  • Angelina Hammon
  • Sabine Zinn

Abstract

We introduce a selection model‐based multilevel imputation approach to be used within the fully conditional specification framework for multiple imputation. Concretely, we apply a censored bivariate probit model to describe binary variables assumed to be missing not at random. The first equation of the model defines the regression model for the missing data mechanism. The second equation specifies the regression model of the variable to be imputed. The non‐random selection of the binary data is mapped by correlations between the error terms of the two regression models. Hierarchical data structures are modelled by random intercepts in both equations. To fit the novel imputation model we use maximum likelihood and adaptive Gauss–Hermite quadrature. A comprehensive simulation study shows the overall performance of the approach. We test its usefulness for empirical research by applying it to a common problem in social scientific research: the emergence of educational aspirations. Our software is designed to be used in the R package mice.

Suggested Citation

  • Angelina Hammon & Sabine Zinn, 2020. "Multiple imputation of binary multilevel missing not at random data," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 69(3), pages 547-564, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jorssc:v:69:y:2020:i:3:p:547-564
    DOI: 10.1111/rssc.12401
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Reginald Masimba Mbona, 2021. "The Impact of China-Africa Trade on Industries in Africa: A Case Study of FOCAC and BRI," Business and Economic Research, Macrothink Institute, vol. 11(2), pages 301-318, June.

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