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Implications of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement for Processed Food Markets

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  • Stephen Devadoss
  • Jeff Luckstead

Abstract

Canada and the European Union (EU) recently completed the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) to liberalize bilateral trade. Processed food trade between Canada and the EU is one of the fastest growing markets, in spite of large trade restrictions due to high tariffs and egregious nontariff barriers (NTB). The processed food sector is characterized by firms which differ in size, productivity, produce differentiated products, and engage in monopolistic competition. We implement a four‐region (Canada, the EU, the United States, and the Rest of the World) model of the processed food industry, incorporating these firm characteristics to study the effects of CETA. The results show Canadian and EU bilateral trade flows expand, the number of exporting firms rises, and net welfare in both these countries increases. Though CETA does not liberalize NTBs, we examine the impacts of a 40% cut in NTBs to highlight the benefits that would have accrued had CETA also covered NTBs. Under this scenario, the trade flows would have expanded significantly, and, more importantly, Canadian and EU welfare would have risen by 11.8‐ and 39.4‐fold, respectively. Since CETA excludes the United States, the U.S. processed food industry loses due to greater competition in Canadian and the EU markets, and the net U.S. welfare declines. Le Canada et l'Union européenne (UE) ont récemment finalisé L'Accord économique et commercial global (AECG) afin de libéraliser le commerce bilatéral. Malgré les grandes restrictions commerciales liées aux tarifs appliqués élevés et aux flagrantes barrières non tarifaires (BNT), le commerce des aliments transformés entre le Canada et l'UE est l'un des marchés les plus croissants. Le secteur des aliments transformés est formé d'entreprises de diverses tailles et productivité qui produisent des produits différents et se livrent à une concurrence monopolistique. Nous mettons en place un modèle régional (Canada, UE, États‐Unis et le reste du monde) de l'industrie des aliments transformés, incorporant ces caractéristiques pour étudier les effets de l'AECG. Les résultats démontrent que le commerce bilatéral entre le Canada et l'UE s'accroit, le nombre d'entreprises d'exportation augmente, et le bien‐être dans ces pays aussi. Même si l'AECG ne libéralise pas les BNT, nous examinons les impacts d'une coupure de 40 % aux BNT afin de mettre en relief les avantages qui se seraient produits si l'AECG tenait aussi compte des BNT. Dans le cadre de ce scénario, le commerce aurait augmenté de manière considérable, et, encore plus déterminant, le bien‐être canadien et au sein de l'Union européenne aurait augmenté de 11,8 et 39,4 fois respectivement. Puisque l'AECG exclut les États‐Unis, l'industrie des aliments transformés de ce pays se retrouve perdante et son bien‐être en déclin suivant une compétition accrue provenant des marchés canadiens et européens.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephen Devadoss & Jeff Luckstead, 2018. "Implications of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement for Processed Food Markets," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 66(3), pages 415-440, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:66:y:2018:i:3:p:415-440
    DOI: 10.1111/cjag.12162
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    Cited by:

    1. Sapa, Agnieszka & Kryszak, Łukasz, 2021. "Processed Food Trade Of European Union Countries – The Gravity Approach," Roczniki (Annals), Polish Association of Agricultural Economists and Agribusiness - Stowarzyszenie Ekonomistow Rolnictwa e Agrobiznesu (SERiA), vol. 2021(2).
    2. Yaghoob Jafari & Mihaly Himics & Wolfgang Britz & Jayson Beckman, 2021. "It is all in the details: A bilateral approach for modelling trade agreements at the tariff line," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 69(3), pages 415-442, September.
    3. May T. Yeung, 2022. "Mitigating Non-Tariff Measures in Agriculture: Preferential Trade Agreements and Conversations," SPP Technical Papers, The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, vol. 15(21), July.

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