IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/anr/refeco/v14y2022p187-207.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

FinTech Lending

Author

Listed:
  • Tobias Berg

    (Frankfurt School of Finance and Management, Frankfurt, Germany)

  • Andreas Fuster

    (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland)

  • Manju Puri

    (The Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA)

Abstract

In this article, we review the growing literature on financial technology (FinTech) lending—the provision of credit facilitated by technology that improves the customer–lender interaction or used in lenders’ screening and monitoring of borrowers. FinTech lending has grown rapidly, though in developed economies like the United States it still accounts for only a small share of total credit. An increase in convenience and speed appears to have been more central to FinTech lending's growth than improved screening or monitoring, though there is certainly potential for the latter, as is the case for increased financial inclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown potential vulnerabilities of FinTech lenders, although in certain segments they have displayed rapid growth.

Suggested Citation

  • Tobias Berg & Andreas Fuster & Manju Puri, 2022. "FinTech Lending," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 14(1), pages 187-207, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:anr:refeco:v:14:y:2022:p:187-207
    DOI: 10.1146/annurev-financial-101521-112042
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-101521-112042
    Download Restriction: Full text downloads are only available to subscribers. Visit the abstract page for more information.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1146/annurev-financial-101521-112042?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version below or search for a different version of it.

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Will Dobbie & Andres Liberman & Daniel Paravisini & Vikram Pathania, 2021. "Measuring Bias in Consumer Lending [Loan Prospecting and the Loss of Soft Information]," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 88(6), pages 2799-2832.
    2. Thomas Hildebrand & Manju Puri & Jörg Rocholl, 2017. "Adverse Incentives in Crowdfunding," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(3), pages 587-608, March.
    3. Rajkamal Iyer & Asim Ijaz Khwaja & Erzo F. P. Luttmer & Kelly Shue, 2016. "Screening Peers Softly: Inferring the Quality of Small Borrowers," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 62(6), pages 1554-1577, June.
    4. Marco Di Maggio & Vincent Yao, 2021. "Fintech Borrowers: Lax Screening or Cream-Skimming?," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 34(10), pages 4565-4618.
    5. Costello, Anna M. & Down, Andrea K. & Mehta, Mihir N., 2020. "Machine + man: A field experiment on the role of discretion in augmenting AI-based lending models," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(2).
    6. Christoph Basten & Steven Ongena, 2019. "The Geography of Mortgage Lending in Times of FinTech," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 19-39, Swiss Finance Institute.
    7. Olivier Armantier & Sebastian Doerr & Jon Frost & Andreas Fuster & Kelly Shue, 2021. "Whom do consumers trust with their data? US survey evidence," BIS Bulletins 42, Bank for International Settlements.
    8. Prasanna Tantri, 0. "Fintech for the Poor: Financial Intermediation Without Discrimination," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 25(2), pages 561-593.
    9. Isil Erel & Jack Liebersohn, 2020. "Does FinTech Substitute for Banks? Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program," NBER Working Papers 27659, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    10. Andreas Fuster & Aurel Hizmo & Lauren Lambie-Hanson & James Vickery & Paul S. Willen, 2021. "How Resilient Is Mortgage Credit Supply? Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic," NBER Working Papers 28843, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Harald Hau & Yi Huang & Hongzhe Shan & Zixia Sheng, 2021. "FinTech Credit and Entrepreneurial Growth," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 21-47, Swiss Finance Institute.
    12. Andreas Fuster & Matthew Plosser & Philipp Schnabl & James Vickery, 2019. "The Role of Technology in Mortgage Lending," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1854-1899.
    13. René M. Stulz, 2019. "FinTech, BigTech, and the Future of Banks," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 31(4), pages 86-97, December.
    14. Yiping Huang & Ms. Longmei Zhang & Zhenhua Li & Han Qiu & Tao Sun & Xue Wang, 2020. "Fintech Credit Risk Assessment for SMEs: Evidence from China," IMF Working Papers 2020/193, International Monetary Fund.
    15. Paul Heidhues & Botond Koszegi, 2010. "Exploiting Naivete about Self-Control in the Credit Market," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 100(5), pages 2279-2303, December.
    16. Adair Morse & Karen Pence, 2021. "Technological Innovation and Discrimination in Household Finance," Springer Books, in: Raghavendra Rau & Robert Wardrop & Luigi Zingales (ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Technological Finance, pages 783-808, Springer.
    17. Puri, Manju & Rocholl, Jörg & Steffen, Sascha, 2017. "What do a million observations have to say about loan defaults? Opening the black box of relationships," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 1-15.
    18. Giulio Cornelli & Jon Frost & Leonardo Gambacorta & Raghavendra Rau & Robert Wardrop & Tania Ziegler, 2020. "Fintech and big tech credit: a new database," BIS Working Papers 887, Bank for International Settlements.
    19. Loretta J. Mester & Leonard I. Nakamura & Micheline Renault, 2007. "Transactions Accounts and Loan Monitoring," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 20(3), pages 529-556.
    20. Buchak, Greg & Matvos, Gregor & Piskorski, Tomasz & Seru, Amit, 2018. "Fintech, regulatory arbitrage, and the rise of shadow banks," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(3), pages 453-483.
    21. Lars Norden & Martin Weber, 2010. "Credit Line Usage, Checking Account Activity, and Default Risk of Bank Borrowers," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(10), pages 3665-3699, October.
    22. Brett Barkley & Mark Schweitzer, 2021. "The Rise of Fintech Lending to Small Businesses: Businesses' Perspectives on Borrowing," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 17(1), pages 35-65, March.
    23. Marques Benton & Stephan Meier & Charles Sprenger, 2007. "Overborrowing and undersaving: lessons and policy implications from research in behavioral economics," Public and Community Affairs Discussion Papers 2007-4, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
    24. Jansen, Mark & Nguyen, Hieu & Shams, Amin, 2020. "Rise of the Machines: The Impact of Automated Underwriting," Working Paper Series 2020-19, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics.
    25. Apaar Sadhwani & Kay Giesecke & Justin Sirignano, 2021. "Deep Learning for Mortgage Risk [The Subprime Virus]," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 19(2), pages 313-368.
    26. Erik Dolson & Julapa Jagtiani, 2021. "Which Lenders Are More Likely to Reach Out to Underserved Consumers: Banks versus Fintechs versus Other Nonbanks?," Working Papers 21-17, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
    27. Chen, S. & Doerr, S. & Frost, J. & Gambacorta, L. & Shin, H.S., 2023. "The fintech gender gap," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    28. Jon Frost & Leonardo Gambacorta & Yi Huang & Hyun Song Shin & Pablo Zbinden, 2019. "BigTech and the changing structure of financial intermediation," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 34(100), pages 761-799.
    29. Itzhak Ben-David & Mark J. Johnson & René M. Stulz, 2021. "Why Did Small Business FinTech Lending Dry Up During the COVID-19 Crisis?," NBER Working Papers 29205, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    30. Ben-David, Itzhak & Johnson, Mark J. & Stulz, Rene M., 2021. "Why Did Small Business Fintech Lending Dry Up during March 2020?," Working Paper Series 2021-14, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics.
    31. Tobias Berg & Valentin Burg & Ana Gombović & Manju Puri, 2020. "On the Rise of FinTechs: Credit Scoring Using Digital Footprints," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(7), pages 2845-2897.
    32. Stijn Claessens & Jon Frost & Grant Turner & Feng Zhu, 2018. "Fintech credit markets around the world: size, drivers and policy issues," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, September.
    33. Prasanna Tantri, 2021. "Fintech for the Poor: Financial Intermediation Without Discrimination [Predatory lending and the subprime crisis]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 25(2), pages 561-593.
    34. Dorfleitner, Gregor & Priberny, Christopher & Schuster, Stephanie & Stoiber, Johannes & Weber, Martina & de Castro, Ivan & Kammler, Julia, 2016. "Description-text related soft information in peer-to-peer lending – Evidence from two leading European platforms," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 169-187.
    35. Franklin Allen & Xian Gu & Julapa Jagtiani, 2021. "A Survey of Fintech Research and Policy Discussion," Review of Corporate Finance, now publishers, vol. 1(3-4), pages 259-339, July.
    36. Leonardo Gambacorta & Yiping Huang & Han Qiu & Jingyi Wang, 2019. "How do machine learning and non-traditional data affect credit scoring? New evidence from a Chinese fintech firm," BIS Working Papers 834, Bank for International Settlements.
    37. Julapa Jagtiani & Catharine Lemieux, 2019. "The roles of alternative data and machine learning in fintech lending: Evidence from the LendingClub consumer platform," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 48(4), pages 1009-1029, December.
    38. Justin Murfin & Ryan Pratt, 2019. "Who Finances Durable Goods and Why It Matters: Captive Finance and the Coase Conjecture," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 74(2), pages 755-793, April.
    39. Xavier Vives, 2019. "Digital Disruption in Banking," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 11(1), pages 243-272, December.
    40. Tobias Berg, 2015. "Playing the Devil's Advocate: The Causal Effect of Risk Management on Loan Quality," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 28(12), pages 3367-3406.
    41. DeFusco, Anthony A. & Tang, Huan & Yannelis, Constantine, 2022. "Measuring the welfare cost of asymmetric information in consumer credit markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(3), pages 821-840.
    42. Qing Guo & Siyu Chen & Xiangquan Zeng, 2021. "Does Fintech Narrow the Gender Wage Gap? Evidence from China," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 29(4), pages 142-166, July.
    43. Mingfeng Lin & Nagpurnanand R. Prabhala & Siva Viswanathan, 2013. "Judging Borrowers by the Company They Keep: Friendship Networks and Information Asymmetry in Online Peer-to-Peer Lending," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 59(1), pages 17-35, August.
    44. Erel, Isil & Liebersohn, Jack, 2020. "Does FinTech Substitute for Banks? Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program," Working Paper Series 2020-16, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics.
    45. Adair Morse, 2015. "Peer-to-Peer Crowdfunding: Information and the Potential for Disruption in Consumer Lending," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 7(1), pages 463-482, December.
    46. Boris Vallée & Yao Zeng, 2019. "Marketplace Lending: A New Banking Paradigm?," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1939-1982.
    47. Adair Morse, 2015. "Peer-to-Peer Crowdfunding: Information and the Potential for Disruption in Consumer Lending," NBER Working Papers 20899, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Huang, Yiping & Li, Xiang & Qiu, Han & Yu, Changhua, 2023. "BigTech credit and monetary policy transmission: Micro-level evidence from China," IWH Discussion Papers 18/2022, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH), revised 2023.
    2. Lei Lu & Jianxing Wei & Weixing Wu & Yi Zhou, 2023. "Pricing strategies in BigTech lending: Evidence from China," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 52(2), pages 333-374, June.
    3. Nicola Branzoli & Ilaria Supino, 2020. "FinTech credit: a critical review of empirical research," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 549, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    4. Allen, Franklin & Gu, Xian & Jagtiani, Julapa, 2022. "Fintech, Cryptocurrencies, and CBDC: Financial Structural Transformation in China," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    5. Eccles, Peter & Grout, Paul & Siciliani, Paolo & Zalewska, Anna, 2021. "The impact of machine learning and big data on credit markets," Bank of England working papers 930, Bank of England.
    6. Peng, Hongfeng & Ji, Jiao & Sun, Hanwen & Xu, Haofeng, 2023. "Legal enforcement and fintech credit: International evidence," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 214-231.
    7. Kowalewski, Oskar & Pisany, Paweł, 2022. "Banks' consumer lending reaction to fintech and bigtech credit emergence in the context of soft versus hard credit information processing," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    8. Bollaert, Helen & Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio & Schwienbacher, Armin, 2021. "Fintech and access to finance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    9. Thorsten Beck & Leonardo Gambacorta & Yiping Huang & Zhenhua Li & Han Qiu, 2022. "Big techs, QR code payments and financial inclusion," BIS Working Papers 1011, Bank for International Settlements.
    10. Pierri, Nicola & Timmer, Yannick, 2022. "The importance of technology in banking during a crisis," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 88-104.
    11. Boot, Arnoud & Hoffmann, Peter & Laeven, Luc & Ratnovski, Lev, 2021. "Fintech: what’s old, what’s new?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    12. Oskar Kowalewski & Pawel Pisany & Emil Slazak, 2021. "What determines cross-country differences in fintech and bigtech credit markets?," Working Papers 2021-ACF-02, IESEG School of Management.
    13. Salvatore Cardillo & Raffaele Gallo & Francesco Guarino, 2021. "Main challenges and prospects for the European banking sector: a critical review of the ongoing debate," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 634, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    14. Joseph P. Hughes & Julapa Jagtiani & Choon-Geol Moon, 2022. "Consumer lending efficiency: commercial banks versus a fintech lender," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-39, December.
    15. Babina, Tania & Bahaj, Saleem & Buchak, Greg & De Marco, Filippo & Foulis, Angus & Gornall, Will & Mazzola, Francesco & Yu, Tong, 2024. "Customer data access and fintech entry: early evidence from open banking," Bank of England working papers 1059, Bank of England.
    16. Sunghun Chung & Keongtae Kim & Chul Ho Lee & Wonseok Oh, 2023. "Interdependence between online peer‐to‐peer lending and cryptocurrency markets and its effects on financial inclusion," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 32(6), pages 1939-1957, June.
    17. Serena Gallo, 2021. "Fintech platforms: Lax or careful borrowers’ screening?," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-33, December.
    18. Cornelli, Giulio & Frost, Jon & Gambacorta, Leonardo & Rau, P. Raghavendra & Wardrop, Robert & Ziegler, Tania, 2023. "Fintech and big tech credit: Drivers of the growth of digital lending," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    19. Laeven, Luc & Boot, Arnoud & Hoffmann, Peter & Ratnovski, Lev, 2020. "Financial Intermediation and Technology: What’s Old, What’s New?," CEPR Discussion Papers 15004, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    20. Olena Havrylchyk, 2018. "Regulatory framework for the loan-based crowdfunding platforms," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1513, OECD Publishing.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; financial technology; FinTech; lending;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G2 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:anr:refeco:v:14:y:2022:p:187-207. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: http://www.annualreviews.org (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.annualreviews.org .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.