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The State of American Entrepreneurship: New Estimates of the Quantity and Quality of Entrepreneurship for 32 US States, 1988–2014

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  • Jorge Guzman
  • Scott Stern

Abstract

Assessing the state of American entrepreneurship requires not simply counting the quantity but also the initial quality of new ventures. Combining comprehensive business registries and predictive analytics, we present estimates of entrepreneurial quantity and quality from 1988 to 2014. Rather than a secular pattern of declining business dynamism, our quality-adjusted measures follow a cyclical pattern sensitive to economic and capital market conditions. Consistent with the role of investment cycles as a driver of high-growth entrepreneurship, our results highlight the role of economic and institutional conditions as a driver of both initial entrepreneurial quality and the scaling of new ventures over time.

Suggested Citation

  • Jorge Guzman & Scott Stern, 2020. "The State of American Entrepreneurship: New Estimates of the Quantity and Quality of Entrepreneurship for 32 US States, 1988–2014," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 12(4), pages 212-243, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:aejpol:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:212-43
    DOI: 10.1257/pol.20170498
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mercedes Delgado & Michael E. Porter & Scott Stern, 2016. "Defining clusters of related industries," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 16(1), pages 1-38.
    2. Ross Levine & Yona Rubinstein, 2013. "Smart and Illicit: Who Becomes an Entrepreneur and Does it Pay?," CEP Discussion Papers dp1237, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yating Li & Martin Kenney & Donald Patton & Abraham Song, 2023. "Entrepreneurial ecosystems and industry knowledge: does the winning region take all?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(1), pages 153-172, June.
    2. Milan Miric & Nan Jia & Kenneth G. Huang, 2023. "Using supervised machine learning for large‐scale classification in management research: The case for identifying artificial intelligence patents," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(2), pages 491-519, February.
    3. Kerr, Sari Pekkala & Kerr, William R. & Nanda, Ramana, 2022. "House prices, home equity and entrepreneurship: Evidence from U.S. census micro data," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 103-119.
    4. Lanahan, Lauren & Joshi, Amol M. & Johnson, Evan, 2021. "Do public R&D subsidies produce jobs? Evidence from the SBIR/STTR program," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(7).
    5. Nikolas Zolas & Zachary Kroff & Erik Brynjolfsson & Kristina McElheran & David N. Beede & Cathy Buffington & Nathan Goldschlag & Lucia Foster & Emin Dinlersoz, 2020. "Advanced Technologies Adoption and Use by U.S. Firms: Evidence from the Annual Business Survey," NBER Working Papers 28290, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Ufuk Akcigit & Nathan Goldschlag, 2022. "Measuring the Characteristics and Employment Dynamics of U.S. Inventors," Working Papers 22-43, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    7. Füner, Lena & Berger, Marius & Bersch, Johannes & Hottenrott, Hanna, 2023. "Local networks and new business formation," ZEW Discussion Papers 23-067, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    8. Emin Dinlersoz & Nathan Goldschlag & Mehmet Yorukoglu & Nikolas Zolas, 2023. "On The Role of Trademarks: From Micro Evidence to Macro Outcomes," Working Papers 23-16, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    9. John C. Haltiwanger, 2022. "Entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the Business Formation Statistics," Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 1(1), pages 9-42.
    10. Khanindra Ch. Das, 2023. "What Affects Startup Acquisition in Emerging Economy? Evidence from India," Journal of Emerging Market Finance, Institute for Financial Management and Research, vol. 22(2), pages 111-134, June.
    11. Jose Asturias & Emin Dinlersoz & John Haltiwanger & Rebecca Hutchinson, 2021. "Business Applications as Economic Indicators," Working Papers 21-09, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    12. Jorge Guzman & Jean Joohyun Oh & Ananya Sen, 2020. "What Motivates Innovative Entrepreneurs? Evidence from a Global Field Experiment," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(10), pages 4808-4819, October.
    13. Ho-Chang Chae, 2024. "In search of gazelles: machine learning prediction for Korean high-growth firms," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(1), pages 243-284, January.
    14. Wim Naudé, 2022. "From the entrepreneurial to the ossified economy," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 46(1), pages 105-131.
    15. Mirella Schrijvers & Erik Stam & Niels Bosma, 2021. "Figuring it out: Configurations of high-performing entrepreneurial ecosystems in Europe," Working Papers 2105, Utrecht School of Economics.
    16. Christian Fons-Rosen & Pau Roldan-Blanco & Tom Schmitz, 2022. "The Effects of Startup Acquisitions on Innovation and Economic Growth," Working Papers 944, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
    17. Johnson, Evan & Hemmatian, Iman & Lanahan, Lauren & Joshi, Amol M., 2022. "A Framework and Databases for Measuring Entrepreneurial Ecosystems," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(2).
    18. Johnson, Evan E. & Hemmatian, Iman & Lanahan, Lauren & Joshi, Amol M., 2022. "A framework and databases for measuring entrepreneurial ecosystems," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(9).
    19. Ari Hyytinen & Petri Rouvinen & Mika Pajarinen & Joosua Virtanen, 2023. "Ex Ante Predictability of Rapid Growth: A Design Science Approach," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(6), pages 2465-2493, November.
    20. Chattergoon, B. & Kerr, W.R., 2022. "Winner takes all? Tech clusters, population centers, and the spatial transformation of U.S. invention," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(2).
    21. Francesco Perugini, 2023. "Space–time analysis of entrepreneurial ecosystems," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 48(1), pages 240-291, February.
    22. Yu, Sandy & Fleming, Lee, 2022. "Regional crowdfunding and high tech entrepreneurship," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(9).
    23. Gurmu, Shiferaw & Sjoquist, David L. & Wheeler, Laura, 2021. "The effectiveness of job creation tax credits," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    24. Agnieszka Ma³kowska & Ma³gorzata Uhruska, 2022. "Factors affecting SMEs growth: the case of the real estate valuation service industry," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 13(1), pages 79-108, March.
    25. Wright, Nataliya Langburd & Nagle, Frank & Greenstein, Shane, 2023. "Open source software and global entrepreneurship," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(9).

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship
    • M13 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - New Firms; Startups

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    1. The State of American Entrepreneurship: New Estimates of the Quantity and Quality of Entrepreneurship for 32 US States, 1988–2014 (American Economic Journal: Economic Policy forthcoming) in ReplicationWiki

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