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Europe meets Asia: The transnational construction of access and voice from below

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  • Zajak, Sabrina

Abstract

This paper contributes to the debate on the role of democratic participation in complex systems of governance. It takes a process-oriented constructivist approach asking how transnational activism over time contributes to the construction of access and voice from below and uses the Asia-Europe Meetings (ASEM) to analyze how interactions between civil society and global governance institutions shape concrete forms of participation. The paper shows that transnational activism triggers both discursive and institutional changes within the official ASEM process leading to an informal, fragmented, and fragile institutionalization of civil society participation. However, the paper reveals a division between civil society organizations with some, such as business representatives, having preferential access and voice in comparison to more contentious organizations. The paper explains this fragmented form of democratization as the result of three interrelated processes: the particular history and economic origins of the ASEM; international developments particularly in the ongoing economic crisis; and domestic developments within individual countries (in particular China) which have begun to favor controlled access for civil society participation.

Suggested Citation

  • Zajak, Sabrina, 2014. "Europe meets Asia: The transnational construction of access and voice from below," MPIfG Discussion Paper 14/1, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:mpifgd:141
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael Reiterer, 2009. "ASIA-EUROPE MEETING (ASEM): fostering a multipolar world order through inter-regional cooperation," Asia Europe Journal, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 179-196, February.
    2. J.S. Eades, 2005. "East Asia," Chapters, in: James G. Carrier (ed.), A Handbook of Economic Anthropology, chapter 34, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. Loewen, Howard, 2008. "Democracy and Human Rights in the European-Asian Dialogue: A Clash of Cooperation Cultures?," GIGA Working Papers 92, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
    4. Crawford, Jo-Ann & Fiorentino, Roberto V., 2005. "The changing landscape of regional trade agreements," WTO Discussion Papers 8, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
    5. Gareth Richards, 1999. "Challenging Asia‐Europe relations from below?: Civil society and the politics of inclusion and opposition," Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 146-170.
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