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Military Spending and Economic Growth: A 2025 Update

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  • Bichler, Shimshon
  • Nitzan, Jonathan

Abstract

The start of the second millennium brought a growing sense that capitalism was becoming more ‘authoritarian’ and ‘illiberal’, with various indicators suggesting that ‘democracy’ is waning around the globe, that the protection of human and civil rights is in retreat and that the number and intensity of military conflicts is on the rise. *** This angst is now greatly amplified by the domestic and foreign policies of the new Trump administration. Having returned to office in early 2025, Trump promptly launched a highly publicized crusade against his country’s ‘deep state’, with blasé disregard for its laws and con-stitution; announced his intentions to retreat from his country’s traditional postwar role as leader and protector of the Western world; and embarked on seemingly unhinged acts against friends (Canada, Mexico, Denmark, Panama and, primarily, Ukraine) while cozying up to long-term foes (Russia). *** One possible consequence of this growing angst is a global ‘arms race’.

Suggested Citation

  • Bichler, Shimshon & Nitzan, Jonathan, 2025. "Military Spending and Economic Growth: A 2025 Update," EconStor Preprints 313786, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:esprep:313786
    as

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    File URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/313786/1/bn_military-spending-and-growth-2005-update.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nitzan, Jonathan, 1992. "Inflation As Restructuring. A Theoretical and Empirical Account of the U.S. Experience," EconStor Theses, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, number 157989.
    2. Fix, Blair & Nitzan, Jonathan & Bichler, Shimshon, 2019. "Real GDP: The Flawed Metric at the Heart of Macroeconomics," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, issue 88, pages 51-59.
    3. repec:osf:socarx:tfwju_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Fix, Blair, 2019. "The Aggregation Problem: Implications for Ecological and Biophysical Economics," SocArXiv tfwju, Center for Open Science.
    5. Fix, Blair, 2019. "The Aggregation Problem: Implications for Ecological and Biophysical Economics," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 4(1), pages 1-15.
    6. Blair Fix, 2019. "The Aggregation Problem: Implications for Ecological and Biophysical Economics," Biophysical Economics and Resource Quality, Springer, vol. 4(1), pages 1-15, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    arms race; Donald Trump; growth; militarization;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O4 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
    • P1 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies
    • L64 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments

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