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School costs, short-run participation, and long-run outcomes : evidence from Kenya

Author

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  • Evans,David
  • Ngatia,Irene Muthoni

Abstract

Access to school has risen dramatically in recent decades, with large gains from reducing costs. Few studies report long-term impacts, however. This paper reports the impact of an educational intervention that reduced out-of-pocket schooling costs for children in poor communities in Kenya by providing school uniforms. The program used a lottery to determine who would receive a school uniform. Receiving a uniform reduced school absenteeism by 37 percent for the average student (7 percentage points) and by 55 percent for children who initially had no uniform (15 percentage points). Eight years after the program began, there is no evidence of sustained impact of the program on highest grade completed or primary school completion rates. A bounding exercise suggests no substantive positive, long-term impacts. These results contribute to a small literature that demonstrates the risk of fade-out of initial impacts of education investments.

Suggested Citation

  • Evans,David & Ngatia,Irene Muthoni, 2018. "School costs, short-run participation, and long-run outcomes : evidence from Kenya," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8421, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:8421
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    File URL: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/719431525101982154/pdf/WPS8421.pdf
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Baird, Sarah & McIntosh, Craig & Özler, Berk, 2019. "When the money runs out: Do cash transfers have sustained effects on human capital accumulation?," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 169-185.
    2. Richard Akresh & Daniel Halim & Marieke Kleemans, 2023. "Long-Term and Intergenerational Effects of Education: Evidence from School Construction in Indonesia," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 133(650), pages 582-612.

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