Biological Weapons: A National Security Problem that Requires a Public Health Response

Biological weapons are a threat to the health and well-being of American citizens. The events of 11 September 2001 prove that terrorists are willing to sacrifice the lives of innocent civilians in order to further their agenda. The spread of anthrax through the United States mail system further demonstrates the willingness of terrorists to use nonconventional weapons against citizens. This paper will clarify the definitions associated with biological weapons and chronicle the rising threat of biological weapons over time. Given the real threat of a large-scale biological attack, defense against biological weapons should not only be considered a national security issue, but also public health priority. Sustainable defense, response and deterrence against a biological attack are rooted in an effective public health system. The public health infrastructure needs to be strengthened in order to successfully detect and respond to an attack, which will have the side benefit of enabling the public health system to better fulfill its commitment to protecting the health of the population.