Evaluating the Impact of Public Health Policies on Life Expectancy Trends in European Countries

Life expectancy in Europe is influenced not only by socioeconomic conditions and healthcare system performance but also by government-led public health policies. This literature review examines the role of policy interventions in shaping longevity across European populations, focusing on measures such as smoking bans, alcohol regulations, obesity prevention programs, vaccination campaigns, and health promotion initiatives. Evidence indicates that proactive and evidence-based policies, particularly when integrated with equitable healthcare access and supportive social structures, contribute to measurable improvements in life expectancy and reductions in preventable mortality. The review also highlights gaps in current research, including the need for long-term evaluations, analyses of policy interactions, and assessments of equity in outcomes. Findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and public health practitioners seeking to design interventions that maximize longevity and promote health equity across European countries.