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ICT Specialists in Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Leogrande, Angelo
  • Magaletti, Nicola
  • Cosoli, Gabriele
  • Giardinelli, Vito
  • Massaro, Alessandro

Abstract

The following article estimates the value of ICT Specialists in Europe between 2016 and 2021 for 28 European countries. The data were analyzed using the following econometric techniques, namely: Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, WLS and Pooled OLS. The results show that the value of ICT Specialists in Europe is positively associated with the following variables: "Desi Index", "SMEs with at least a basic level of digital intensity", "At least 100 Mbps fixed BB take-up" and negatively associated with the following variables: "4G Coverage","5G Coverage", "5G Readiness", "Fixed broadband coverage", "e-Government", "At least Basic Digital Skills", "Fixed broadband take-up", "Broadband price index", "Integration of Digital Technology". Subsequently, two European clusters were found by value of "ICTG Specialists" using the k-Means clustering algorithm optimized by using the Silhouette coefficient. Finally, eight different machine learning algorithms were compared to predict the value of "ICT Specialists" in Europe. The results show that the best prediction algorithm is ANNArtificial Neural Network with an estimated growth value of 12.53%. Finally, "augmented data" were obtained through the use of the ANN-Artificial Neural Network, through which a new prediction was made which estimated a growing value of the estimated variable equal to 3.18%.

Suggested Citation

  • Leogrande, Angelo & Magaletti, Nicola & Cosoli, Gabriele & Giardinelli, Vito & Massaro, Alessandro, 2022. "ICT Specialists in Europe," MPRA Paper 112241, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:112241
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Leogrande, Angelo & Magaletti, Nicola & Cosoli, Gabriele & Massaro, Alessandro, 2022. "Fixed Broadband Take-Up in Europe," MPRA Paper 112246, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Răzvan BOLOGA & Ana Ramona LUPU, 2017. "A Model for Predicting Future Demand for ICT Specialists in Romania," ECONOMIC COMPUTATION AND ECONOMIC CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND RESEARCH, Faculty of Economic Cybernetics, Statistics and Informatics, vol. 51(1), pages 151-168.
    3. Cristian CIUREA & Florin Gheorghe FILIP, 2018. "Identifying Business Models for Re-use of Cultural Objects by Using Modern ICT Tools," Informatica Economica, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 22(1), pages 68-75.
    4. Leogrande, Angelo & Magaletti, Nicola & Cosoli, Gabriele & Massaro, Alessandro, 2022. "Broadband Price Index in Europe," MPRA Paper 112243, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Nataliia Trushkina, 2019. "Development of the information economy under the conditions of global economic transformations: features, factors and prospects," Virtual Economics, The London Academy of Science and Business, vol. 2(4), pages 7-25, October.
    6. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto & Laureti, Lucio, 2021. "The Broadband Penetration in Europe," MPRA Paper 110457, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Innovation; and Invention: Processes and Incentives; Management of Technological Innovation and R&D; Diffusion Processes; Open Innovation.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O30 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - General
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O32 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • O34 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital

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