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GHG Mitigation Actions: MRV Issues and Options

Author

Listed:
  • Jane Ellis

    (OECD)

  • Sara Moarif

    (International Energy Agency)

Abstract

The Bali Action Plan (BAP) language on “measurable, reportable and verifiable” (MRV) greenhouse gas mitigation actions and commitments for a post-2012 climate framework was introduced to apply both to developed countries’ greenhouse gas (GHG) commitments and actions (paragraph 1(b)(i) of the BAP), as well as to “nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building” (paragraph 1(b)(ii)). This paper provides an overview of current efforts to assess if GHG mitigation actions underway in different countries and regions are “measurable, reportable and verifiable”. The paper also assesses how such efforts could be improved, explores MRV options for different types of GHG mitigation actions, and highlights decision points needed to establish a post-2012 framework.Several different types of GHG mitigation actions and commitments have been proposed for the post-2012 period. Some of these - such as national-level GHG emission limits - are already being used, with countries therefore already gaining experience with implementing, monitoring, reporting (and potentially reviewing or verifying the effects of) such actions/commitments. The extent of this experience varies both by type of action/commitment, as well as by country and sector. In general, Annex I countries have significant experience with monitoring and reporting national emission levels (reflecting their reporting commitments under the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol). However, official reporting on other GHG-mitigation actions occurs every few years in Annex I countries and only irregularly in non-Annex I countries. Thus, significant new guidance would be needed if post-2012 MRV provisions were to focus on GHG mitigation actions rather than GHG emission levels.In deciding a MRV framework, it will be important to consider measurement, reporting and verification issues separately (as for example some non-supported actions may be reported but not verified). A transition process may also be needed for some countries, in terms of what is to be subject to MRV provisions, and how M, R and V are to be carried out. Les termes « mesurables, notifiables et vérifiables » (MNV) utilisés dans le Plan d’action de Bali pour qualifier les initiatives et les engagements en matière d’atténuation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) envisagés dans le cadre climatique pour l’après 2012 s’appliquent à la fois aux engagements et initiatives d’atténuation des émissions de GES des pays développés (paragraphe 1(b)(i) du Plan de Bali), et aux « mesures d’atténuation appropriées au niveau national de la part des pays en développement parties dans le cadre d’un développement durable, soutenues et rendues possibles par des technologies, des moyens de financement et un renforcement des capacités » (paragraphe 1(b)(ii)). Le présent document passe en revue les efforts déployés actuellement pour évaluer si les initiatives d’atténuation des émissions de GES lancées dans les différents pays et régions sont « mesurables, notifiables et vérifiables ». Il étudie en outre comment ces efforts pourraient être améliorés, considère les options MNV pour différents types d’initiatives d’atténuation et fait ressortir les questions qu’il faudra trancher pour établir un cadre pour l’après-2012. Différents types d’engagements et d’initiatives d’atténuation des émissions de GES ont été proposés pour l’après-2012. Certains, comme les plafonds nationaux d’émissions de GES, sont déjà utilisés, ce qui permet à des pays d’acquérir d’ores et déjà une expérience de la mise en oeuvre, du suivi et de la notification de ces initiatives/engagements (et éventuellement de l’examen ou de la vérification de leurs effets). L’ampleur de ces expériences varie selon le type d’initiative/d’engagement et selon les pays ou secteurs considérés. En général, les pays visés à l’Annexe I ont une grande expérience du suivi et de la notification de leurs émissions nationales (en vertu des engagements de notification souscrits au titre de la CCNUCC et du Protocole de Kyoto). Cependant, les communications officielles sur les autres mesures prises pour atténuer les émissions de GES ne sont présentées qu’à plusieurs années d’intervalle dans le cas des pays visés à l’Annexe I, et de façon sporadique dans celui des autres pays. En conséquence, de nouvelles directives seront nécessaires s’il est décidé qu’après 2012 les dispositions relatives à la MNV s’appliqueront non plus aux niveaux d’émission mais aux initiatives d’atténuation des émissions de GES. Pour établir un cadre MNV, il importera de considérer séparément les questions de mesure, de notification et de vérification (sachant que par exemple, certaines initiatives mises en oeuvre en l’absence de soutien peuvent être notifiées mais pas vérifiées). Un processus de transition pourrait également être nécessaire pour certains pays, portant sur le champ d’application des dispositions relatives à la MNV et les modalités de M, N et V.

Suggested Citation

  • Jane Ellis & Sara Moarif, 2009. "GHG Mitigation Actions: MRV Issues and Options," OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers 2009/1, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:envaab:2009/1-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5k4695890xd6-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Jun Li, 2011. "Supporting greenhouse gas mitigation in developing cities: a synthesis of financial instruments," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 16(6), pages 677-698, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    action d'atténuation; changement climatique; climate change; gaz à effet de serre; greenhouse gas; measurement; reporting; verification; mesure; notification; vérification; mitigation actions; MNV; MRV;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F53 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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