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Causes and Consequences of Open Space in U.S. Urban Areas

Author

Listed:
  • JunJie Wu

    (Oregon State University)

  • Walid Oueslati
  • Jialing Yu

    (Oregon State University)

Abstract

The provision of open space is at the heart of a complex arbitration of local public finance and urban quality of life. The amount of open space varies substantially across urban areas. This variation raises some natural questions: What determines the amount of open space in an urban area? How does the amount of open space affect housing prices and local tax revenues? How can we assess whether the amount of open space in urban areas is socially optimal? This paper conducts theoretical and empirical analysis to address these issues. The theoretical analysis reveals that price elasticities of housing demand and supply, economies of scale in providing public services, and capitalized and non-capitalized values of environmental benefits from open space are key parameters affecting the optimal amount of open space. The effects of these parameters are tested on the basis of a sample of U.S. urban areas. Empirical results suggest that a significant share of U.S. urban areas has too little open space, in the sense that additional open space conservation could increase land values and social welfare. L’offre des espaces ouverts en milieu urbain est au coeur d’un complexe arbitrage entre les finances publiques locales et la qualité de la vie. Les surfaces dédiées aux espaces ouverts varient considérablement à travers les aires urbaines. Cette variabilité soulève naturellement plusieurs questions : quels sont les déterminants de cette offre ? Comment la mise en place des espaces verts affecte les prix des logements et les recettes fiscales locales ? Comment peut-on évaluer si l’offre des espaces verts est socialement optimale ? Ce papier conduit des analyses théorique et empirique pour répondre à ces questions. L’analyse théorique révèle que les élasticités prix de l’offre et de demande des logements, les économies d’échelle liées aux services publics, ainsi que les valeurs, capitalisée ou non, des bénéfices environnementaux sont les facteurs clés pour déterminer le niveau optimal des espaces ouverts. Les effets de ces paramètres ont été empiriquement testés sur la base d’un échantillon d’aires urbaines américaines. Les résultats empiriques suggèrent qu’une part significative des aires urbaines américaine dispose de peu d’espaces ouverts. Ainsi une offre supplémentaire peut accroître la valeur des terres et le bien-être social.

Suggested Citation

  • JunJie Wu & Walid Oueslati & Jialing Yu, 2016. "Causes and Consequences of Open Space in U.S. Urban Areas," OECD Environment Working Papers 112, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:envaaa:112-en
    DOI: 10.1787/0bf27115-en
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    environmental amenities; land values; local public finances; Open space conservation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H4 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods
    • Q2 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation
    • R3 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location

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